Page | 53 Standard 4: Language for Science Interpret scientific explanations. ELD-SC 9-12 Explain Interpretive • Defining investigable questions or problems based on observations, information, and/or data about a phenomenon • Paraphrasing central ideas in complex evidence, concepts, processes, and information to help explain how or why a phenomenon occurs • Evaluating the extent to which reasoning, theory and/or models link evidence to claims and support conclusions Construct scientific explanations. ELD-SC 9-12 Explain Expressive • Describe reliable and valid evidence from multiple sources about a phenomenon • Establish neutral or objective stance in how results are communicated • Develop reasoning to illustrate and/ or predict the relationships between variables in a system or between components of a system • Summarize and refine solutions referencing scientific knowledge, evidence, criteria, and/or trade-oPs Interpret scientific arguments. ELD-SC 9-12 Argue Interpretive • Identifying appropriate and suPicient evidence from data, models, and/ or information from investigations of a phenomenon or design solutions • Comparing reasoning and claims based on evidence from competing arguments or design solutions • Evaluating currently accepted explanations, new evidence, limitations (trade-oPs), constraints, and ethical issues Construct scientific arguments. ELD-SC 9-12 Argue Expressive • Introduce and contextualize topic/ phenomenon in current scientific or historical episodes in science • Defend or refute a claim based on data and evidence
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