S20 • Interactive Grammar Tutorials • Audio recordings of all short sample texts • Textbook activities, including audio and chat activities • Additional online-only autograded activities for extra practice • Online-only VideoEscenas with streaming video and activities 106 • Capítulo 4 ASÍ SE FORMA ▸ Note that the indirect object pronoun always precedes the verb. The subject can be placed before or after. Me gusta el pescado. = El pescado me gusta. ▸ If what is liked is an activity, use the singular form gusta with the infinitive (–ar, –er, –ir form) of the appropriate verb: ▸ To clarify the meaning of le and les, add a + person: a Pedro, a ella, a las niñas, a ellos, etc.: ▸ For emphasis, add a mí, a ti, a usted, a nosotros, etc., and to ask follow-up questions, use ¿Y a ti? ¿Y a usted?, etc. ▸ To express different degrees of like and dislike, use: + - (me gusta) mucho bastante un poco (no me gusta) nada ¡Me gusta! Listen to each statement and decide which food item is being talked about. 1 You hear: Me gusta. You choose: los limones el ajo ✓ Modelo Y a ti, ¿te gusta? You are going to compare preferences with a partner. 2 las peras Las peras me gustan mucho/no me gustan para nada. Modelo Paso 1 Individually, write sentences stating whether you like these foods or activities. Paso 2 In pairs, compare your likes and dislikes. Estudiante A: Las peras me gustan mucho. Estudiante B: A mí me gustan mucho también. or A mí no me gustan. Modelo Nos gusta comer. We like to eat. Les gusta cenar en restaurantes y asistir a conciertos. They like to have dinner in restaurants and attend concerts. A mí no me gustan los frijoles, ¿y a ti? I don't like beans, do you? A él le gustan, ¿verdad? He likes them, right? Pedro y Ana toman el desayuno juntos. Pedro and Ana have breakfast together. A Pedro le gusta tomar café, pero a ella le gusta el té. Pedro likes to drink coffee, but she likes tea. 1 . las zanahorias el pescado 2. la lechuga las fresas 3. las cerezas el jamón 4. el bistec las naranjas 5. las peras la langosta 6. el pavo las chuletas 1 . la sopa de verduras 2. los camarones 3. beber agua 4. el ajo 5. la ensalada de frutas 6. comer carne 7. ir al mercado 8. los guisantes 1 . la sopa de verduras 2. los camarones 3. beber agua 4. el ajo 5. la ensalada de frutas 6. comer carne 7. ir al mercado 8. los guisantes Así se forma • 105 ASÍ SE FORMA Interactive Grammar Tutorial 1. Express likes and dislikes The verb gustar 1 . Read and listen to the conversation, focusing on the message, and make educated guesses about what the characters are saying. 2. Read the text again and focus on the forms gusta/gustan. Can you identify when each of these two forms is used? 3. Pay attention to the forms me, te, nos, les, and le. Whom does each refer to? Indicate whether it is Gerardo, Leticia, Verónica, or both Leticia and Verónica. Leticia: Son las ocho de la noche, ¿dónde cenamos? Gerardo: La cafetería me gusta, pero es tarde y probablemente no tienen muchas opciones. Leticia: ¿Y un restaurante? ¿Te gustan los restaurantes cerca del campus? A mi amiga Verónica y a mí nos gusta mucho la taquería Oaxaca. Gerardo: ¿Sí? ¿Qué tacos les gustan a ustedes? Leticia: Pues, nos gustan todos los tacos, pero mis favoritos son los tacos de pescado. A Verónica le gustan más los tacos al pastor: tienen carne de cerdo marinada, cebolla, piña y cilantro. Gerardo: ¡Suena delicioso! ¡Vamos! Although the verb gustar is usually translated with the English verb to like, its structure is actually similar to that of the English verbs interest, please, disgust, etc., in that something (the subject) is pleasant or unpleasant to someone (the indirect object). Therefore, what the person likes or dislikes determines the form of the verb as singular (gusta) or plural (gustan). The person who likes something (to whom something is pleasing) is expressed with indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les). ¡Atención! The indirect object pronouns, meaning to me, to you, to you/him/ her, to us, to you, to you/them, will be studied in detail in Capítulo 7. Person(s) who like (indirect object) + gusta(n) + thing(s) liked (subject) me/te/le/nos/os/les gusta el helado la fruta comer gustan las uvas las fresas I like avocado. (Avocado is pleasing to me.) We like strawberries. (Strawberries are pleasing to us.) Mario does not like eating fruit. (Eating fruit is not pleasing to Mario.) Learning Objective: Express likes and dislikes. Dicho y hecho at a glance xxii • Dicho y hecho at a glance ASÍ SE FORMA presents and practices linguistic functions in meaningful contexts. 1. Inductive approach to grammar Students preview new grammar topics by examining a short text. Guiding questions help them think inductively and critically by observing language in context. Right from the start, they will make form-meaning connections to understand how grammatical structures are vehicles of information. 2. Clear presentations The grammar presentations are precise, clear, and visually enhanced. The explanations feature sample sentences using the chapter context and vocabulary. 3. Meaningful activities The activity sequence that follows each presentation will help students practice the new structures in diverse formats and relatable contexts, including real-world tasks to engage with their peers, collaborate, and build community. 1 2 3
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