INDEX 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 language transfer and interference, Txliv–liii scaffold, 2, 3, 3F, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 43F, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 83F, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 123F, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 163F, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 203F, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 245, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 243F, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 285F, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323 drama Healthy Bites, 146 writing, 158–160 dramatic elements acts and scenes, 146, 158 dialogue, 146 scripts, 158 stage directions, 146, 147 drought, 6 E ecosystem, 246 educate, 206 education, 206 electricity, 206 e-mails. See letters to the editor embarrased, 86 enormous, 288 errand, 126 essential questions how are the units of the metric and customary US systems different, 234 how can a letter persuade people to do something, 106 how can a portrait show a person’s characteristics, 237 how can families help each other be healthy, 146 how can innovations improve life for people, 290 how can inventions help the world, 230 how can pyramids be similar and different, 66 how can songs be part of our roots, 116 how can understanding the relationships between the size of digits help you to understand place values, 194 how can useful objects also be art, 117 how can we show nature in art, 279 how can you be an explorer, 318 how can you combine fractions with addition and subtraction, 154 how can you recycle objects to make art, 319 how can you use fractions to solve word problems, 316 how can you use place value to understand the size and meaning of numbers, 74 how did different people help the United States become a country, 208 how did people in the past explain the Sun, 196 how did the planets get their names, 190 how do characters change in some stories, 186 how do cultures tell a story, 197 how do foods help different parts of your body, 156 how do lifestyles today compare to lifestyles in the past, 152 how do paintings make us feel, 37 how do people get water to dry areas, 274 how do people use decimals, fractions, and mixed numbers in everyday life, 34 how do plants and animals adapt to their environment, 248 how do plants make their own food, 150 how do poems help us visualize, 226 how do some myths try to explain nature, 168 how do some natural rock structures form, 70 how do we find the area or volume of geometric figures, 276 how do we make drawings of objects look real, 77 how does a storm change an area, 36 how does modern farming harm the environment, 110 how does waste affect the environment, 272 how does weather affect people, 8 how does weather affect your daily life, 26 how does wind move, 30 how will our actions now affect the future, 268 what are the agricultural roots of the United States, 112 what are the properties of angles, 114 what can a young person learn on a journey, 88 what can we learn about wellness from a story, 128 what can we learn from ancient structures, 48 what can you learn from a primary source, 308 what can you learn from a song, 76 what do people and animals need to be healthy on Earth, 278 what happens after a storm, 32 what helped people travel to new areas in the past, 192 what is matter made of, 312 what is special about still life painting, 157 why did Native Americans take different sides during the American Revolution, 232 why do people enjoy human-made wonders, 72 why do people sing songs about their country, 236 why do some innovations keep their original design over time, 314 evacuate, 6 experiment, 206 Ffiction Anansi and His Six Sons, 173–177 The Candle Dragon, 182 Fresh Finds at the Farmers Market, 128–137 How Parrot Got Its Colors, 186 Kiki’s Journey, 88–97 Life Beyond the T-Pass, 268 The Story of Arachne, 169–172 Will the Rain Ever Come?, 26 flood, 6 frozen, 246 G generations, 86 government, 206 grammar. See also word study; writing tools addition, comparison, and contrast words, 25 adjectives, 183, 265, 267 adverbs, 185 collective nouns, 307 commas in a series, 105 comparative adjectives + than, 183 conjunctions and, but, and so, 103 connecting ideas, 25 correlative conjunctions, 143 -ed verb ending, 65 expand noun phrases, 265 indefinite pronouns, 63 T362 | Index
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