UNIT X 312 | UNIT 8 Instructional Routine: Science p. Txxx Sound Atoms and Molecules A • Activate prior knowledge Point to items around the classroom. Say: Matter is anything that takes up space. Are these things matter? Guide students to understand that matter is anything that takes up space. • Understand genre Ask: What do you know about informational texts? Write informational text on the board and discuss its meaning. Say: Informational texts share information with the reader. • Preview the text Read the title aloud and have students skim the text for words in bold type. Ask volunteers to describe the images. Remind students to use these features while they listen to help them understand the text. • Listen for understanding Play the audio once. Ask students to listen the first time for a general understanding. • Listen actively Play the audio a second time, asking students to follow the text closely as they listen. • Read for specifc information Have students reread the text. Before they begin, give them a purpose for reading. Write the following questions on the board: • What are the particles of an atom? (protons, neutrons, and electrons) • Who was Niels Bohr? (a scientist who developed a model of an atom) • What is a molecule? (two or more atoms joined together) Essential Question: What is matter made of? Cite text evidence Ask students to read and discuss the Essential Question in pairs. Remind students to look for evidence in the text to support their answers. Elicit and write ideas on the board. ANSWERS Matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are the smallest units of matter that have the properties of an element. EXPLORE AND LEARN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Reinforce the meaning of new vocabulary for students. Write the words in bold type on the board. Then use images to provide additional comprehensible input. Amplify Give students access to resources so they can build models of the two example molecules, water and hydrogen peroxide. Direct students to create short presentations using the models they build. Remind students to make eye contact with the audience and speak with appropriate rate, volume, and intonation while they present. electrons nucleus = protons and neutrons H H O H H O O Matter is anything that takes up space. All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are the smallest units of matter that have the properties of an element, for example, hydrogen (H). Oxygen (O) is another example of an element. An atom is made up of smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge. Neutrons have no charge. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus, or center, of an atom. Electrons orbit the nucleus. In 1913, Niels Bohr, a scientist from Denmark, developed a model for atoms. His model showed the electrons orbiting the nucleus. Bohr won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. His discoveries helped scientists and inventors use atomic energy. A molecule is made up of two or more atoms joined together. A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Its chemical formula is H2O. A molecule can change form. Water can be a liquid, gas, or solid, but its formula never changes. Hydrogen peroxide is also made up of hydrogen and oxygen. It has a different chemical formula than water. Its chemical formula is H2O2. It has two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. Exploring Matter Atoms and Molecules A Read the informational text. What is matter made of? ? ESSENTIAL QUESTION This model of a beryllium atom has four electrons. The electrons orbit four protons and five neutrons in the nucleus. A water molecule is made of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. A hydrogen peroxide molecule is made of two oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms. UNIT 8 312 CONNECT TO Science UNIT 8 / CONNECT TO SCIENCE
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