UNIT X 310 | UNIT 8 Instructional Routine: Language Arts p. Txxxv Tools for Writing: Capitalization Understand capitalization Ask: When do we capitalize words? Read aloud the explanation and draw students’ attention to the red letters. Read aloud the examples. Copy the examples onto the board. A Identify capital letters Write a chart on the board with the headings initials, abbreviation for title, place name. Model finding and classifying capitalized words (initials: John T. Daniels; abbreviation for title: Mr. Daniels; place name: Manteo). Direct students to copy the chart. Have students complete the rest of Activity A independently and check their responses with a partner. ANSWERS Initials: John T. Daniels, W. S. Dough, A. D. Etheridge, W. C. Brinkley; Abbreviation of title: Mr. Daniels; Place name: Manteo, Nags Head B Edit for capital letters Read aloud the paragraph while students follow in a whisper read. Have students complete Activity B independently. Ask volunteers to share answers, and have classmates explain whether they agree or disagree and why. ANSWERS Wilbur Wright was born in 1867 in Millville, Indiana. Orville was born in 1871. Orville called his brother Will. When they were young, their father, Mr. Wright, gave them a toy helicopter. However, their father didn’t know about mechanics. Their mother, Mrs. Wright, knew a lot about mechanics and tools. She encouraged the boys to design and build things. When they grew up, they invented an airplane. In 1903, they flew the first powered plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. John T. Daniels took a picture of the flight. C Use capitalization Read aloud the example while students follow in a whisper read. Then have students complete Activity C independently and check their responses with a partner. ANSWERS Sample answers: My teacher is Mr. Chen. His full name is James H. Chen. He lives in Seattle, Washington. My aunt is Mrs. Ryahi. Her full name is Fatima Z. Ryahi. She lives in Bellevue, Washington. DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Not all languages have the same capitalization rules as English. Work together to identify and underline initials, title abbreviations, name places, focusing on the meaning first. Then go back and work together to underline letters that should be capitalized. Emphasize that the names after title abbreviations should also be capitalized. Amplify Direct students to brainstorm places they would like to visit and people (family members, historical figures, etc.) they would bring along. Then have students write paragraphs about these visits. Remind students to capitalize proper nouns, underline initials, title abbreviations, and name places in their paragraphs. Have partners check each other’s work for correct capitalization. PRACTICE EXPLORE AND LEARN COMMUNICATE Orville watches Wilbur measure the wind near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. C Write the names of some people you know and where they live. Use initials and abbreviations for titles. My teacher is Ms. Rivera. Her full name is Lorena E. Rivera. She lives in San Antonio, Texas. Tools for Writing Capitalization Some words start with a capital letter in English, such as people’s names and the first word of a sentence. Also use capital letters for: initials: A. D. Etheridge abbreviations for titles: Mr. Daniels place names: Latin America A Identify the capital letters in Orville Wright’s journal. Is each one an initial, an abbreviation for a title, or a place name? B Fix the errors. Use capital letters. wilbur wright was born in 1867 in millville, indiana. orville was born in 1871. orville called his brother will. When they were young, their father, mr. wright, gave them a toy helicopter. However, their father didn’t know about mechanics. Their mother, mrs. wright, knew a lot about mechanics and tools. She encouraged the boys to design and build things. When they grew up, they invented an airplane. In 1903, they flew the first powered plane at kitty hawk, north carolina. john t. daniels took a picture of the flight. CONNECT TO Language Arts 310 UNIT 8 UNIT X8 / CONNECT TO LANGUAGE ARTS
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