S29 Note It! Write 2–3 active voice sentences about things people once thought were impossible but were later proved to be possible. Then, rewrite each sentence using the passive voice. Writing Skills Using Active and Passive Voice Writers can structure a sentence using the active or passive voice. • The active voice puts the focus of the sentence on the subject and the action. This is the most common voice. Tour companies arrange climbing expeditions. (focus = tour companies) • The passive voice puts the focus of the sentence on the object, or the receiver of the action. Add by + doer when knowing the doer is necessary or important. Climbing expeditions are arranged by tour companies. (focus = climbing expeditions) (doer = tour companies) Use passive voice • when it is not important or necessary to say who or what did the action. Government restrictions on climbing were announced today. • to focus on the receiver of the action. Several mountains will be closed to the public. A Find the verb in each sentence. Indicate if it is active voice or passive voice. 1. The team was led by an experienced climber. 2. Her name is recognized around the world. 3. The driving wind caused whiteout conditions. 4. The plan to reach the summit was changed. 5. The team will remain at base camp for several days. B Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice. Use a phrase with by when it is necessary or informative. 1. Rescuers carried injured climbers down the mountain. 2. Weather conditions will delay the expedition. 3. Good news energizes the team. 4. A helicopter flew family members to the mountaintop celebration. 5. Environmental laws protect some mountains. C Write a sentence about a difficult goal using the active voice. Then, rewrite it using the passive voice. Humans will not fully explore the deepest parts of the ocean for many years. The deepest parts of the ocean will not be fully explored for many years. Tip! Writing The passive voice can be used in any tense, just like the active voice. Simple past: Oxygen tanks were used while climbing. Simple present: Oxygen tanks are used while climbing. Simple future: Oxygen tanks will be used while climbing. Tip! Writing The passive voice is often used in academic writing to avoid using the first person (writing where the narrator uses the pronouns I, me, mine). Active: In this paper, I will discuss Don Quixote’s ideals. Passive: In this paper, Don Quixote’s ideals will be discussed. 100 CHAPTER 1 ENGAGE WITH WRITING Student Model Final Draft To the Moon by Brianna Almas 1 In May, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced that the United States was going to the Moon. At this time, this was an achievement that many people thought was impossible. However, the accomplishment of landing astronauts on the Moon forced people to reconsider what was possible. 2 When President Kennedy asked NASA to put humans on the Moon, the Apollo program was initiated. The first years of work involved preparation. NASA had to first design and build a spacecraft that was capable of the task. The design process took time and uncrewed spacecrafts were launched as test flights. 3 On January 27, 1967, the crew of Apollo 1 participated in a launch simulation. Although, the spacecraft did not leave the ground, the test resulted in a fire. Sadly, all three crew members were killed. 4 The subsequent Apollo missions were uncrewed to ensure astronaut safety. It was not until October of 1968 that Apollo 7 was launched into Earth’s orbit with astronauts aboard. The astronauts performed tests that would bring the next crew closer to their goal of landing on the Moon. 5 In December, 1968, Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave Earth’s orbit. The astronauts orbited the Moon ten times without landing. Then, they returned safely to Earth. 6 Apollo 11 was launched in July of 1969, carrying three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Aldrin. It was estimated that 650 million people watched on television as Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the Moon. This event is considered one of the greatest feats of humankind. 7 Landing a person on the Moon was called an impossible feat. However, through years of trial and error, and with the coordinated efforts of many great minds, it was finally accomplished. This achievement paved the way for future space exploration and demonstrated that many “impossible” things are, in fact, possible with dedication, motivation, and hard work. References Coleman, Sandra. “Apollo Space Mission.” Space Exploration, edited by Leah Robins, vol. 1, Regeas, 2019, pp. 126–141. Eckert, Gerald. “Impact: Apollo.” Space, vol. 13, no. 4, Sept. 2021, pp. 271–288. Notice Notice the author’s use of time markers to mark the chronology of events. How do these aid readers’ understanding? Notice Notice the author’s use of the passive voice. How does this contribute to the academic tone? Notice Notice the central idea included in the introduction. How does the placement of the central idea aid readers’ comprehension of the essay? Notice Look at the reference citations. What information is included for each source? The Power of Possibility 103 Research Paper In this chapter, you read about mountain climbers who faced impossible odds and fought for survival. Now, you will research and write about another accomplishment that was considered impossible but later achieved. Remember, a research paper: • includes an introduction that clearly states your central idea • presents facts and details from multiple reliable sources • synthesizes and summarizes information learned from research • stays focused on the topic and central idea • is organized to clearly present information • maintains an academic tone • includes reference citations Writing Prompt Research and write about something people once thought was impossible but was later proved to be possible. Explain who saw that it was possible, and what steps they took to prove it. Use and cite reliable sources. WRITING STRATEGY Use and Cite Multiple Sources When gathering information for a research paper, use sources that are credible and accurate. In general, academic journals and reports are the most reliable. Use multiple sources to gain a broader understanding of the topic. Using multiple sources also ensures that you consider and include different perspectives on your topic. Citing your sources shows that you have fully researched your topic. It also gives credit to other researchers for their work and ideas. Writing Rubric Organization Development of Ideas Vocabulary & Word Choice Language Conventions • states the topic and central idea in the introduction • presents research in a logical order • uses and cites multiple reliable sources • focuses on an appropriate topic • supports the central idea with evidence, including facts, details, and examples • synthesizes and summarizes information from multiple sources • includes academic vocabulary • explains any technical language • uses correct spelling, punctuation, including commas, and capitalization • uses correct grammar, including simple past, present, and future tense; and progressive tenses Consider focusing on one of the following topics or use your own idea: • flying machines • broken world records • phones you can carry in your pocket • a person who achieved something no one thought they could 102 CHAPTER 1 ENGAGE WITH WRITING Notice In Exemplar 2, notice how the author clearly states the topic and central idea of the speech. How does the placement of the central idea aid readers’ comprehension? How did it aid you when reading it? Notice In Exemplar 3, notice how the authors use chronology to organize information in this text. Chronology refers to the presentation of events in the order in which they happened. In this excerpt, Ann provides a step-by-step explanation of the payroll process, showing the sequence of how data is collected, summarized, and processed, followed by what went wrong. Apply Look at your draft. Find your central idea. Is it included at the beginning of your essay? Is the purpose of your research paper clear to readers? Exemplar 2 Central Idea/Topic: Excerpt from “Victory Speech” by Barack Obama If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference. Exemplar 3 Chronology: Excerpt from The Phoenix Project: A Novel about IT, DevOps, and Helping Your Business Win by Gene Kim, Kevin Behr, and George Spafford Ann walks over to the flowchart on the whiteboard. “Let’s start with the information flow. Our financial system gets payroll data from all our various divisions in different ways. We roll up all the numbers for salaried and hourly personnel, which includes wages and taxes.” * * * * “To make sure something doesn’t get messed up,” she continues, “we make sure the summarized numbers match the detailed numbers from each division.” * * * * “It’s a pretty clunky and manual process. It works most of the time, but yesterday we discovered that the general ledger upload for hourly production staff didn’t come through. All of the hourlies had zeroes for their hours worked and amount due.” Apply Look at your draft. Is the order of events or chronology easy for readers to understand? Identify places where you can add time markers to enhance reader comprehension. The Power of Possibility 105 PLAN Use Your Notes • Look through all the notes you wrote for Note It! • Which of your responses could be included in your research paper? Use a graphic organizer, such as a web, to plan your ideas. Notice In Exemplar 1, notice the photo and caption. Text features such as art, photos, and captions give additional information and clarify information in a text by providing a visual representation. How do the photo and caption help with reader understanding of this text? Apply Read your draft. Identify places where art or photos with captions would enhance reader understanding. DRAFT Once you have organized your ideas, begin writing your draft. Use your notes and any graphic organizers to help you. Remember to focus on presenting your research clearly and on using academic language and tone. Read the following exemplar texts and consider how you could use them as a model for your own writing. Exemplar 1 Text Features: Art, Photos, and Captions: Excerpt from Buried in the Sky The man suspended below him was Pasang Lama. Three hours earlier, Pasang had given up his ice axe to help more vulnerable climbers. He had thought he could survive without it. Like Chhiring, Pasang had planned to rappel down the mountain using the fixed lines. ▲ Fixed lines in mountaineering are left in place to support future climbers. Research Topic Fact: Source: Fact: Source: Fact: Source: 104 CHAPTER 1 ENGAGE WITH WRITING Review and Explore 1. Now that you have completed this chapter, how would you answer the Essential Question? 2. What readings or conversations helped shape your answer to the Essential Question? Explain. 3. What strategies helped you better understand what you read in this chapter? 4. What is one skill or strategy that you want to continue to practice in the next chapter? 5. Choose two topics from the chapter that you would like to explore further. How will you find out more about these topics? Independent Reading and Viewing Suggestions Choose additional reading and viewing to continue your exploration of the power of possibility and the Essential Question. Essential Question How can we turn the impossible into the possible? View (videos and films) Ponyo, 2008 Created by the renowned Japanese filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki, this animated film follows the adventures of a goldfish named Ponyo. When Ponyo befriends a lonely young boy, the two begin a friendship that is forbidden by Ponyo’s father, the king of the ocean. As they embark on a quest to save the ocean, will Ponyo’s father stop them? Jane, 2017 Discover this documentary about the amazing life and work of Jane Goodall, renowned primatologist. When Goodall left for Africa to study chimpanzees, people doubted she could get close to the animals. However, she managed to form deep connections with the chimps, transforming our understanding of their behavior and advancing efforts at wildlife preservation. Apollo 13, 1995 Watch this suspenseful film based on a true story. April 1970: NASA’s Apollo spacecraft leaves Earth with the mission to be the third spacecraft to land on the Moon. When an oxygen tank explodes onboard the spacecraft, three astronauts fight for survival in space while mission control in Houston, Texas, races against time to bring them home safely. Deep Sea, 2006 Find out about the extraordinary challenges to survival faced by marine creatures in the deep ocean. Through stunning visuals and engaging narration, the film showcases the relentless struggles these creatures endure against seemingly impossible odds. Read (print and online books) The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution by Walter Isaacson This nonfiction book explores the history of the digital revolution. It traces the remarkable individuals and collaborative efforts that led to groundbreaking innovations in technology. Photographic: The Life of Graciela Iturbide by Isabel Quintero Through photographs and illustrations, follow the life of Mexican photographer Graciela Iturbide. The book explores her obstacles and journey as she overcomes societal barriers and establishes herself as a prominent photographer in a male-dominated field. It highlights her perseverance, artistic vision, and the cultural significance of her captivating images. Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne In this classic story, Phileas Fogg, an English gentleman, attempts the impossible—to travel around the globe in 80 days in a hot-air balloon. Follow Phileas and his assistant, Passepartout, as they face obstacles, unexpected encounters, and thrilling escapades along the way. The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor by Gabriel García Márquez Discover the true story of Luis Alejandro Velasco, a Colombian sailor stranded at sea for ten days in 1955. In a vivid portrayal of this extraordinary survival story, Marquez explores Velasco’s fight for survival, including encounters with sharks, thirst, and loneliness. The Power of Possibility 109 REFLECT ON THE CHAPTER Engage with Writing • In this section, students learn and practice essential tools for writing. • The Writing Prompt is a culminating task that integrates skills to demonstrate understanding. • A student model introduces students to a variety of writing styles. • Process writing steps guide students to complete and present writing assignments. Reflect on the Chapter • Students revisit the Essential Question at the end of the chapter and apply their knowledge in a discussion. • Suggestions are provided for independent reading and viewing related to the chapter theme. Students can prepare and submit their writing online. xxx Chapter Walk-Through CHAPTER WALK-THROUGH
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