© 2025 Vista Higher Learning Reading and Writing Growth with Vista’s Engage 19 The di erence between sexes was not statistically significant, indicating that both boys and girls benefited similarly from Engage instruction in reading. Table 9 provides the adjusted mean reading posttest scores for boys and girls. Table 9 Mean Adjusted AZELLA Reading Posttest Scores by Sex Study Group N Mean SD Girls 73 202.26 44.66 Boys 98 201.23 40.54 Total 171 201.74 42.25 On average, girls and boys demonstrated nearly identical reading scores, confirming the consistent impact of Engage across the sexes. Writing Growth by Sex Table 10 shows the ANCOVA results for writing growth, comparing boys and girls while accounting for initial writing ability. Table 10 ANCOVA Results for Writing Growth (Adjusted for Initial Writing Level) Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig Corrected Model 45928.57 2 22964.28 87.94 <.001 Intercept 69924.56 1 69924.56 267.76 <.001 AZELLA PreInstruction Scores 45924.27 1 45924.27 175.85 <.001 Sex 328.16 1 328.16 1.26 .264 Error 43873.12 168 261.15 Total 8600152.00 171 Corrected Total 89801.68 170 As with reading, there were no statistically significant di erences between the sexes, indicating comparable writing progress among male and female students.
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