© 2025 Vista Higher Learning Reading and Writing Growth with Vista’s Engage 12 Student Demographics by Sex and Ethnicity Of the sample, 57% were boys and 43% were girls. The largest ethnic group was Hispanic (55%), followed by African American (23%) and Asian American (16%). Table 3 provides the sex and ethnic breakdown of the study sample. Table 3 Student Background: Sex and Ethnicity These distributions reflect the district’s diverse ML population and provide context for subgroup analyses reported later. The next section addresses study results, beginning with Study Question 1. Here we examined growth in reading and writing from pre- to post-instruction among the district’s ML students who received instruction incorporating Engage. Background Characteristic N Sex Girls 73 Boys 98 Total 171 Ethnicity African American 39 Asian American 27 Hispanic 94 Other (White [non-Hispanic], multiracial, Native American) 8 Missing 3 Total 171
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