22 | Unit 1 Grammar Languages Language Arts Math Science Social Studies Elec LANGUAGE & LITERACY CONNECT TO Grammar 1 Read the sentences. Identify the subjects. EXAMPLE: Mrs. Bloom is in the classroom. Mrs. Bloom, proper noun 1. Central Middle School is in the United States. 3. Farouk is a first name. 2. The locker is in the hallway. 4. The students have fun! A sentence starts with a subject. The subject can be a noun. subject = Nadia = proper noun Nadia is a student. Name some common nouns. a teacher a school a book A proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing. A proper noun starts with a capital letter. Name some proper nouns. Mr. Saleem is a teacher. The school is big. Romeo and Juliet is a book by William Shakespeare. Nouns A noun is a person, place, or thing. A common noun is not specific. It starts with a lowercase letter. specific person specific place specific thing Mr. Ortiz Greenwood Middle School person place thing 2 Write two sentences. Then work with a classmate. Your classmate identifies the subjects. the book Romeo and Juliet 22 twenty-two | Unit 1 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold ELs with lower levels of English proficiency may not be ready for a detailed grammatical explanation. However, they can recognize that there are different kinds of words. Introduce nouns as people, places, or things. Have students name their teachers or family members (person). Write examples on the board and point out the capital letters. Explain that they are proper nouns. Ask: What is the name of our school? It’s a place you go, a specific place. Write the name and point out the capital letters. Pick up a book. Ask: What is this? (book) Read the title. Say: The specific name of this thing is ___. The title has capital letters because it is a proper noun. Amplify For Activity 2, explain that sentences need subjects. The subject tells who or what the sentence is about. Besides being a person, place, or thing, a noun can also be an idea. Show an image of a flag or point to an actual flag. In one way it is a thing (paper, an image, or cloth), but it represents more. The American flag can symbolize freedom. Offer additional examples: money (wealth); calendar (time). Challenge students to write additional sentences and use a noun that is an idea in at least one of them. UNIT 1 / CONNECT TO GRAMMAR Instructional Routine: Grammar p. Txxvii Instructional Routine: Vocabulary p. Txxv Nouns Discover and pre-teach vocabulary Use the vocabulary routine to teach the words noun, person, place, thing, common, proper, and specific. Write them on the academic word wall. Grammar charts • Gather realia you can use to introduce nouns (a school badge, a pen, etc.). • Identify nouns Say: Words name things. These are nouns. Point to the first photo and say: This man is a person. He is a teacher. Next, show what you selected to represent place. Explain that it is a place you can go. Point to the second photo (a school). Pick up a book. Say: This is not a person or a place. It is a thing. • Distinguish common and proper nouns Have students look at the first letter of the words and say if they are capital or lowercase letters. Say: The nouns in the first chart are common nouns. They are not specific. A noun is specific when it tells the name of the person, place, or thing. It’s a proper noun. Ask: What is the name of the specific teacher in the photo? (Mr. Ortiz) The school? The book? • Read about subjects aloud. Have students name several proper nouns. Recognize subjects Say: Look at the example sentence. The sentence is about Mrs. Bloom. Mrs. Bloom is the subject. Ask: Is Mrs. Bloom a proper noun? (yes) ANSWERS 1. Central Middle School, proper noun; 2. locker, common noun; 3. Farouk, proper noun; 4. students, common noun Say: The subject tells who does the action of the sentence. Write two sentences. Your partner will identify the subjects. Assessment Program Quiz: Nouns EXPLORE AND LEARN PRACTICE 1 2 Arts Science Social Studies Ele : | 52
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