English Grammar Point Language Transfer Issue Sample Transfer Error Language Background Cause of Difficulty PREPOSITIONS Substitution Substitutes prepositions The girl the library she in she writes. (The girl writes at the library.) Somali Somali only has four prepositions, so they have wide meanings. Substitution Transfers incorrect preposition My father is not in home. (My father is not at home.) Spanish English prepositions are not parallel in all cases. En in Spanish can be translated in, on, or at. A in Spanish is most closely translated as at or to. PRONOUNS Subject pronouns Omits subject pronoun Miguel is not here. Is in school. (He is in school.) Spanish Spanish subject pronouns may be dropped because the verb ending gives information about the number and/or person. Pronoun and number agreement Uses the wrong number for pronouns I saw many mountains. It was tall. (They were tall.) Mandarin Mandarin does not require number agreement. Possessive forms Confuses possessive forms The pencil is my. (The pencil is mine.) Mandarin, Vietnamese Some speakers of Mandarin and Vietnamese tend to omit the final /n/ sound, which may create confusion between my and mine. GRAMMAR TRANSFER CHARTS Tl
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