Short Vowel Sounds Spanish Vietnamese Mandarin Haitian Creole Somali Tagalog Arabic /aˇ/ as in bat similar similar similar similar no; substitute /ah/ similar difficult to hear and pronounce /eˇ/ as in pen + similar similar no no similar difficult to hear and pronounce /ıˇ/ as in sit similar but may pronounce like /ee/ does not exist; may pronounce like /ee/ similar similar similar difficult to hear difference between /ĩ/ and /ee/ as in beet difficult to hear and pronounce /oˇ/ as in hot similar similar similar similar no similar difficult to hear and pronounce /uˇ/ as in cup similar + similar no no similar difficult to hear and pronounce Long Vowel Sounds Spanish Vietnamese Mandarin Haitian Creole Somali Tagalog Arabic /aˉ/ as in cake + similar similar similar similar; pronounced twice as long similar + /eˉ/ as in here + + similar similar similar; pronounced twice as long similar + /ˉı/ as in kite + + similar similar similar; pronounced twice as long similar does not exist /oˉ/ as in rope + similar similar similar similar; pronounced twice as long similar does not exist /uˉ/ as in mule, rule + + similar similar similar; pronounced twice as long similar + The Short Vowels of English: Sound Transfer The Long Vowels of English: Sound Transfer LINGUISTIC CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS CHARTS 2 & 3 Txlvii
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