UNIT X 314 | UNIT 8 Instructional Routine: Social Studies p. Txxxi Innovations That Last Build content vocabulary Assess students’ understanding of the word utensils. If necessary, explain that utensils are tools used for preparing and eating food. Point to the photos in turn and mime using each utensil. Say: Knives are used for cutting food. Spoons are used for stirring or scooping food. Forks are used for spearing food. Essential Question: Why do some innovations keep their original design over time? Read aloud the Essential Question and ask students to share what they know about utensils. Write responses on the board. ANSWERS Sample answer: Some innovations work very well and don’t need to be improved. A Using Utensils • Understand genre Tell students that this is an informational text. Ask them to share what they know about informational texts. (They give information about a topic.) • Use the text structure of chronology to predict Preview the text with students. Ask them to point out the sequencing in the text. Direct students’ attention to the dates and connect these sequence words to the title. Say: This text is written in chronological order. Look at the title. Why do you think the text is written in chronological order? Help students to understand that the text is written in chronological order to show how old each utensil is. • Listen actively Play the audio of the text as students follow along. Tell students to track the words as they hear them. • Read closely Once students have listened to the text twice, give them a chance to read it closely in pairs. Remind students to pay attention to the words in bold type and to use the strategies they have learned to determine the meaning using visual and context clues. • Summarize informational text Ask students to summarize the text for a partner. Then work with the class to generate a brief summary of the central ideas in the text and write it on the board. Ensure that students can identify the chronological order of the inventions. EXPLORE AND LEARN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Draw a timeline on the board. Have students find the dates in the passage and tell which invention was developed at each date. Write the dates and the inventions on the timeline. Amplify Have students work in groups to list reasons why the designs of these inventions have not changed much over time. Guide them to understand that inventions are redesigned to improve efficiency and/or durability. When inventions are efficient and durable, they are not redesigned. Innovations That Last A Read the informational text. Have you heard the expression, “Don’t try to reinvent the wheel”? It means that you shouldn’t waste time inventing something that already exists. The wheel is a great invention that solved many problems in the past. Today’s wheel isn’t much different from the first wheel. Similarly, eating utensils have not changed much over the centuries. Over 7,000 years ago, sharp stones were used as knives. People later added wooden handles to the stone blades. About 5,000 years ago, people made metal knives. The first humans cut food with knives, but they often used their hands to eat. Soon, people began using seashells, sometimes attached to wooden sticks, for hot liquids. The first spoons were born! Eventually spoons were made from wood or metal. People in Asia began using chopsticks 5,000 years ago. The first chopsticks were twigs used to get hot food out of pots. Later, chopsticks were made from wood, bamboo, metal, and plastic. They were used for eating. The fork is a newer invention. It has only been around for about 1,000 years. People around the world use all of these utensils today, and they are very similar to the ancient ones. Has anyone tried to reinvent eating utensils? Yes! The spork is a combination of a spoon and a fork. However, the spork isn’t as popular as basic utensils. Of course, people still eat some foods with their hands . . . and no one invented those. Using Utensils Why do some innovations keep their original design over time? ? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CONNECT TO Social Studies UNIT 8 314 UNIT 8 / CONNECT TO SOCIAL STUDIES
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