UNIT X 308 | UNIT 8 Instructional Routine: Language Arts p. Txxix Essential Question: What can you learn from a primary source? Ask the Essential Question and give students a chance to discuss their ideas in pairs before sharing with the class. ANSWERS Sample answers: Students can learn about a person’s experience in the past. They can learn about the facts of past events and how the people involved felt about those events. A Primary Source: Journal Entry • Recognize and analyze genre Tell students they will read a journal entry. Ask: What is a journal? Briefly discuss that a journal is a written record of a person’s thoughts and experiences. Read the information in the Text Genre box aloud. Point out that journal entries have the date, the events the author experienced, and events in the order they happened. • Activate background knowledge Ask: Have you read other journal entries? Have you written journal entries? Elicit ideas and discuss whether these examples meet the criteria described in the Text Genre box. • Preview and predict Have students preview the title, photos, and the text. Ask: What event do you think this journal entry is about? Tell students that they will listen to the text more than once so they can check and confirm their predictions. Then play the audio, asking students to listen for the general idea before looking at the words. • Listen actively Play the audio a second time, this time asking students to read along silently and check their predictions. Have volunteers share whether their predictions were correct. • Connect to self Say: Imagine you had lived 1903 and had been at the airfield when Wilbur and Orville Wright tested their plane. What would you have predicted before the test? How would you have felt during and after the test? EXPLORE AND LEARN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Provide students with sentence frames to respond to Activity B. Model how to find information from the article and make notes for question 1. Then use the frame and your notes to answer the question. Support students as they continue with remaining questions. Orville made ____ trips, and Wilbur made ____ trips. The first trial began at ____. The last trial began at ____. The flight went over____ feet. The plane was in the air for ____. Amplify Have students write a journal entry for the day. They should write the date at the top of the page. Next, direct students to write complete sentences that provide two or three events that have occurred today. Have students write what they did during those events and what other people around them did. Ask students to share their journal entries in pairs. Primary Source: A Journal Entry A Read excerpts from Orville Wright’s journal. Orville Wright’s Journal Orville Wright and his brother Wilbur (Will) invented an airplane. On December 17, 1903, they tested the plane. Orville wrote about the experience later that day. He called the plane a machine, and he used the word trial for each time the plane went in the air. After the first trial, he wrote: When we got up a wind of between 20 and 25 miles was blowing from the north. Before we were quite ready John T. Daniels, W. S. Dough, A. D. Etheridge, W. C. Brinkley of Manteo and Johnny Moore of Nags Head arrived. […] I got on the machine at 10:35 for the first trial. […] Mr. Daniels took a picture just as it left the tracks. The flight ended suddenly. The plane was in the air for about 12 seconds. It had to be repaired, and then they tried again. Orville wrote: After repairs, at 20 min. after 11 o’clock Will made the second trial. The course was about like mine, up and down but a little longer over the ground though about the same time. […] At about 20 minutes till 12 o’clock I made the third trial. On the third trip, Orville had to bring the plane down on the ground quickly because of strong winds. Then, Wilbur tried one more time. Orville wrote: At just 12 o’clock Will started on the fourth and last trip. The machine started off with its ups and downs as it had before, but by the time he had gone over three or four hundred feet he had it under much better control. The last flight was the most successful one of the day. The plane was in the air for 59 seconds. What can you learn from a primary source? ? ESSENTIAL QUESTION This primary source includes pages from Orville Wright’s journal. Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright test their plane (machine) on December 17, 1903. TEXT GENRE Journal A journal is a written record of a person’s thoughts and experiences. Some people write in journals every day. When you read Orville Wright’s journal, you will find: • the date • events he experienced • events in the order they happened UNIT 8 308 CONNECT TO Language Arts UNIT X8 / CONNECT TO LANGUAGE ARTS
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