UNIT X UNIT 8 | 293 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Pair students who are developing reading fluency with those who are more fluent. More fluent readers should read aloud a paragraph first. Then developing readers should imitate their peers’ pronunciation, intonation, and pace. Amplify Provide access to additional information about Native American innovations. These can be found with a simple internet search “Native American innovations.” Ask them to explain what problems these innovations might have solved. Reading • Use new vocabulary Direct students to locate properties and transmitted on page 293. Say: What do we already know about these words? Discuss their meanings with students. Say: I know that properties can mean a piece of land. The story says that “Some plants have medicinal properties.” So properties can also mean the characteristics of something. If necessary, explain that medicinal properties means to act like medicine. Point out that good readers use new words they learn to better understand what they read. • Connect to self Have pairs discuss other types of plants with medicinal properties they know about, such as herbs. On the board, make a list of these plants. Ask: Have your parents ever made you a special tea when you were sick? Did it help you feel better? How did it taste? • Make predictions Remind students that making predictions and reading on to confirm or revise their predictions is a strategy that good readers use to better understand text. Have students make predictions about additional problems the first inhabitants of Latin America may have had to solve. (They had to find ways to carry water up mountains.) For example, ask: What problems did the first inhabitants have living in the mountains? How might they have solved those problems? Check In Ask and answer text-based questions Have pairs ask each other the questions and reread pages 292–293 to find the answers. ANSWERS 1. The words come from the Arawak language and Quechua language. In English the words are: canoe, hammock, and poncho. 2. The first inhabitants experimented with plants. 3. Cinchona was used to combat fevers. PRACTICE The first inhabitants of Latin America learned from nature. They experimented with many plants. They studied the use of their leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, and even bark. They discovered that many plants can cure diseases. Some plants have medicinal properties. For example, the cinchona was used by the Incas to combat fevers. Today we use the same bark to make quinine, an effective cure for malaria, an illness transmitted by mosquitoes. Each day we learn more about the value of plants like this one, and about their medicinal properties. CHECK IN 1. Comprehension What languages do the Spanish words canoas, hamacas, and ponchos come from? How do you spell the words in English? 2. Summarize What did the first inhabitants of Latin America experiment with? 3. Problem and solution What problem did cinchona solve? GLOSSARY properties characteristics of something transmitted passed from one thing to another 293 UNIT 8 On the Wings of the Condor UNIT 8 / READING
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