UNIT X 274 | UNIT 7 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold To support students as they answer the Activity B questions, provide these sentence frames: Picture A shows _____. Picture B shows _____. I think the system with _____ works better. The Hohokam people dug canals from the rivers to the fields so they could _____. Today, most farmers use _____. I think it is important to get water to dry areas so _____. Amplify Ask students to write captions for Photos A and B. Have them use key words from the text and their answers to question 1 in Activity B. Instructional Routine: Social Studies p. Txxxi Irrigation Activate prior knowledge Draw students’ attention to the text title. Then point out the pictures. Ask: What do you think irrigating means? Remind them that they learned about “irrigation systems” in the Oral Language lesson. Essential Question: How do people get water to dry areas? Read the Essential Question aloud. Ask students to share ideas. Tell students that they will revisit the question after reading the text. A Irrigating the Land • Preview the images Direct students again to the images. Ask: What kind of plants do you think are in the pictures? Where do you see water in the pictures? How do you think the water gets to the plants? Tell students that they will check their guesses after they read the text. • Preview the text Have students scan the text for words in bold type. Write them on the board and ask students if they know the meanings of any. Tell students that reading these terms in context will help them understand their meaning. Also remind students that they can look these words up in the Picture Dictionary. • Listen for understanding Play the audio once. Ask students to listen the first time for general understanding. • Listen actively Play the audio a second time, asking students to follow the text closely as they listen. • Read closely Have students read the text closely silently. Remind them to pay attention to the words in bold type and to use visual and context clues. B Ask and answer Arrange students in groups of three or four. Have them ask and answer the questions as a group, referring to the text to find evidence. ANSWERS Sample answers: 1. Picture A shows an irrigation system with canals. Picture B shows a mechanical irrigation system. I think the system with canals works better. It looks like the water is in the ground and is spread evenly. 2. The Hohokam people dug canals from the rivers to the fields so they could get water to their crops. Today, most farmers use mechanical irrigation systems that have sprinklers to water their crops. 3. I think it is important to get water to dry areas so farmers can use a lot of land to grow crops. As the population expands, more food is needed. EXPLORE AND LEARN PRACTICE A B Irrigation A Read the informational text. Irrigating the Land Over 500 years ago, the Hohokam people lived in the Southwestern United States. This dry desert area had few plants, so the Hohokam people found ways to grow food. The Hohokam people developed irrigation systems for their crops. They dug canals from the rivers to the fields. They used the canals to get water to their crops. Archaeologists believe that the Hohokam people dug about 600 miles of water canals. These canals were wider near the river. They were thinner near the fields. Today, most farmers have mechanical irrigation systems. In some areas, farmers must irrigate their fields all the time. In other places, they only irrigate when there is not enough rainfall. Water for these modern irrigation systems comes from underground springs or rivers. The water flows to reservoirs. Then, the water goes from the reservoirs to farms. Farmers have sprinkler systems in their fields to water their crops. B Comprehension Share your answers with a group. 1. Look at photos A and B. Which one shows an irrigation system with canals? Which one shows a mechanical irrigation system? Which system do you think works better? 2. How did the Hohokam people get water to their crops? How is this different from what most farmers do today? 3. Why do you think is it important to get water to dry areas? How do people get water to dry areas? ? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CONNECT TO Social Studies 274 UNIT 7 UNIT 7 / CONNECT TO SOCIAL STUDIES
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