UNIT X 270 | UNIT 7 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold • Students may need a review of punctuation before beginning this section. Draw a question mark, exclamation point, period, comma, and quotation marks on the board. Point to each type of punctuation. Ask: What do we call this? When do we use it? If needed, provide example sentences to clarify how the punctuation is used. • To help students understand the differences in meaning between common reporting verbs, it can be helpful to point out synonyms and uses. For example, say: Reply has the same meaning as answer. When you think, you don’t say the words aloud. When you shout, you talk very loudly. Amplify Provide students with a comic strip frame. Direct them to illustrate parts of the story and rewrite the dialogue as direct speech. Instructional Routine: Language Arts p. Txxxv Tools for Writing: Punctuation for Direct Speech • Understand punctuation Ask volunteers to read the Tools for Writing box aloud. Then check comprehension of the words in bold. Ask: What do you call the words someone says? (direct speech) What punctuation goes around direct speech? (quotation marks) What shows who is speaking? (the dialogue tag) What kind of verb shows that someone said something? (the reporting verb) • Understand common reporting verbs Echo read the Common Reporting Verbs box. Check that students understand the meaning of each verb by asking simple questions. For example, ask: When you agree, do you have the same opinion or a different opinion? (the same opinion) A Write sentences with direct speech Draw attention to the model in item 1. Ask: What punctuation did the writer put after the reporting verb? (a comma) What punctuation did the writer put around the dialogue? (quotation marks) Direct students to complete the rest of Activity A independently. Then have them check answers in pairs. Review answers as a class and ask a volunteer to write them on the board. ANSWERS 1. Amanda asked, “Did you have cars in the past?” 2. “Yes, but they weren’t in bubbles,” Great-Grandpa answered. 3. “That’s crazy!” Amanda shouted. 4. “We could breathe the air then,” Great-Grandpa explained. 5. Amanda said, “I wish we could do that today.” B Correct sentences with direct speech Write the first item on the board. Say: There is a punctuation mistake in this sentence. What is it? (The question mark should go before the end quotation mark.) Correct the sentence on the board. Then have students correct the remaining sentences individually. Ask volunteers to write the corrected sentences on the board. ANSWERS 1. “What was life like when you were a boy?” Amanda asked. 2. “It was wonderful,” Great-Grandpa told her. 3. “Did you play outside without bubbles?” Amanda wondered. 4. “Yes, we did,” Great-Grandpa replied. 5. Then, he shouted, “It was fun!” PRACTICE EXPLORE AND LEARN Tools for Writing Punctuation for Direct Speech In dialogue, the words someone says are called direct speech. • Use quotation marks around direct speech. The dialogue tag shows who is speaking. When the reporting verb comes first, use a comma. Great-Grandpa said, “There were still trees on Earth.” • The dialogue tag can also be after the direct speech. The comma goes at the end of the direct speech. “There were still trees on Earth,” Great-Grandpa said. • Punctuation (question marks, exclamation points, periods, and commas) are inside, or before, the end quotation mark. Amanda asked, “What happened to the trees?” A Write the sentences using direct speech. 1. Amanda asked / Did you have cars in the past? Amanda asked, “Did you have cars in the past?” 2. Yes, but they weren’t in bubbles / Great-Grandpa answered 3. That’s crazy! / Amanda shouted 4. We could breathe the air then / Great-Grandpa explained 5. Amanda said / I wish we could do that today B Correct one mistake in each line of dialogue. 1. “What was life like when you were a boy”? Amanda asked. 2. It was wonderful,” Great-Grandpa told her. 3. “Did you play outside without bubbles? Amanda wondered. 4. “Yes, we did.” Great-Grandpa replied. 5. Then, he shouted “It was fun!” Common Reporting Verbs agree say answer shout ask think explain tell reply wonder CONNECT TO Language Arts UNIT 7 270 UNIT X7 / CONNECT TO LANGUAGE ARTS
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