UNIT X UNIT 7 | 265 GRAMMAR: Expand Noun Phrases • Review types of adjectives Point out this sentence: Some grasses have short roots. Say: We use adjectives to describe things. The adjective short describes roots. Point out this sentence: Some grasses have longer, thicker roots. Ask: What kind of adjectives end in –er? (comparatives) Explain to students that sometimes we use comparative adjectives to add more detail about a noun. • Understand expanded noun phrases Read the text in the grammar box aloud. Ask: What is the writer comparing cactus to? (other plants) A Apply knowledge of simple and comparative adjectives Direct students’ attention to the pictures, ask: Which cactus is taller? (the Saguaro) Which cactus is short and wider? (the barrel cactus) Point out the word box. Have students complete the text describing the two cactus. ANSWERS tall, thin; smaller, wider; long, sharp B Use simple and comparative adjectives in descriptions Draw students’ attention to the pictures. Read the captions aloud and have students repeat the names. Model the description of one of the plants. Have students continue the activity in pairs. ANSWERS Sample answers: Algae is a wet, green plant found in the ocean. Moss is a short, thick plant found on rocks and trees. Lichen is a leafier, flakier plant that also grows on rocks and trees. Ferns have broad, dense leaves. The savanna is full of tall, thin grasses. C Use expanded noun phrases in writing Read the directions aloud. Call on a volunteer to say which two plants they will describe. Set a time limit and have students write their descriptions independently. Monitor students’ work to make sure they are using both simple and comparative adjectives. Have students work in pairs to share their written descriptions with a partner. ANSWERS Sample answer: The Saguaro cactus is a tall, spiny plant found in arid climates. It doesn’t require much water. Algae is a wet, grassy plant found in the ocean biome. It needs a lot of water to grow. Practice Book p. 143 Assessment Program p. 125 EXPLORE AND LEARN PRACTICE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Some students may need a more extensive review of types of adjectives. Have students work with the words in Activity A and write the comparative forms of the simple adjectives and the simple forms of the comaprative adjectives. Amplify Have students work in pairs to describe each other using simple and comparative adjectives. Write: Expand noun phrases Have students complete the descrptions with simple and comparative adjectives. Anna is _____ and has ____ hair. Carrie is _____ and has ____ hair COMMUNICATE algae moss lichen fern savanna grasses A Look at the pictures. Complete the paragraph with words from the box. You can find the Saguaro cactus and the barrel cactus in Arizona. The Saguaro cactus is a , plant. It looks like it has arms. The barrel cactus is a , plant. Both cacti have , spines. B Use adjectives and comparative adjectives to talk about the plants on this page. C Choose two plants from this page. Write about the two plants. wider long sharp smaller tall thin Saguaro cactus barrel cactus GRAMMAR Expand Noun Phrases You can expand a noun phrase with adjectives to add more detail. Use commas between the adjectives. Some grasses have short roots. Some grasses have short, thick roots. You can also expand a noun phrase with comparative adjectives. Use commas with more than one comparative adjective. Some grasses have longer, thinner roots. A cactus is different from other plants. It has long, sharp spines that protect it and help store water. It has shorter, thicker roots so it can absorb water quickly. 265 UNIT 7 UNIT X7 / CONNECT TO GRAMMAR
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