UNIT X 264 | UNIT 7 Instructional Routine: Grammar p. Txxvii Grammar in Action A • Understand genre Preview “Plant Systems” with students. Point out that it is an informational text. If needed, review the purpose of an informational text. • Use text features to make a prediction Ask students to say what text features they see. They should identify the title, the illustration and labels, and the photos. Then have students predict what the text will be about. Ask: What is the title? What does the word systems mean? What do the photos show? What do you think this text is about? • Listen to media to build language Play the audio once, having students listen to gain a general understanding of the text without looking at the words. Then replay it, this time asking students to read along silently. Direct them to pay special attention to the words in bold type and the context. Then play it a third time and ask students to look at the images on the page. • Learn vocabulary Ask volunteers to find the boldfaced words and read the sentences with the words in context aloud. Ask students questions to help them try to guess the meanings of the words in pairs. B • Categorize academic words Write the words in bold on the board. Ask: Which two words are things? (systems, function) Which two words are actions? (freezing, absorb) • Ask and answer questions Preview questions as a class. Check comprehension of the term needles, using a sketch if needed. Have students ask and answer questions in pairs. Then have volunteers share their answers with the class. ANSWERS 1. Two plant systems are the root system and the shoot system. 2. The root system brings water to the plant. The shoot system supports the plant and brings nutrients to the leaves. It helps the plant get food. 3. The thin needles allow trees in the taiga to withstand cold temperatures because the needles don’t freeze. 4. Plants in the tundra have dark green leaves because they absorb sunlight more efficiently. EXPLORE AND LEARN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Some students may be confused by words in the text with multiple meanings. Write these words from the text on the board: organ, shoot, trunk, needles, leaves. Go over these words and lead students in contrasting the common meaning with the meaning of the word in the text. For example, say: An organ can be an instrument, like a piano. But in this text, organ has a different meaning. What does organ mean in the text? (a part of a plant that does a specific job) Point out that animals and people have organs as well. Ask: What organs do animals and people have? (heart, lungs) Repeat with the remaining multiple-meaning words. Amplify After students complete Activity B, have them write new sentences with the words in bold. Then have them remove the words to create cloze sentences and trade their sentences with a partner. Have students complete the sentences with the correct words. PRACTICE Grammar in Action A Read the informational text. Plant Systems Plants have two organ systems: the root system and the shoot system. The root system is underground. It brings water and nutrients to the plant. The shoot system includes the stem or trunk, leaves, flowers, and fruit. Each part of the shoot system has a different function. A thick, long stem holds up the plant. It also brings water and nutrients to the leaves from the roots. Leaves carry out photosynthesis. Flowers and fruits store extra food that the plant produces. Plant systems have developed adaptations in different biomes. Grasses have long roots that can reach water underground during dry months. Shrubs in the tundra have very short roots since they only need the top layer of soil. Trees in the taiga have thin, narrow needles. This adaptation keeps tree leaves from freezing in very cold temperatures. Trees in the tropical rain forest have adapted to a warmer climate. These trees have large, green leaves that capture sunlight. The tundra does not get much sunlight. Plants in the tundra are dark green because dark plants absorb sunlight more efficiently. Leaves in the deciduous forest are often bright green because there is a lot of sunlight during the spring and summer. B Use the vocabulary 1. What are the two plant systems? 2. What is the function of each plant system? 3. How do a tree’s needles help keep it from freezing? 4. Why are plants in the tundra dark green? f lower leaves fruit stem or trunk roots UNIT 7 264 CONNECT TO Grammar Tutorial UNIT 7 / CONNECT TO GRAMMAR
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