UNIT X 260 | UNIT 7 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Before students discuss Activity A in pairs, provide these sentence frames: The tundra _____. The desert _____. The grasslands _____. The forest _____. Have students complete the sentence frames individually and then read them aloud in pairs. Amplify Have students use the information from their graphic organizers to write a paragraph summarizing how the environment of each biome affects the plants and animals that live there. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Talk and write: Cause and effect Ask and answer in pairs: If an effect is that trees can’t grow in the tundra, what is the cause? Complete the sentence: Not many plants grow in the tundra. _____, many animals have to migrate to find food. COMMUNICATE Instructional Routine: After You Read p. Txxvi Apply the Reading Strategy: Identify Cause and Effect Review academic language Review the meanings of cause and effect. Ask: Which word is the reason that something happens? (cause) Which word is the thing that happened? (effect) Remind students of the words that signal causes (because, since) and the words that signal effects (as a result, so). A Cite text evidence Have pairs discuss the question. Direct them to cite text evidence and answer in complete sentences. Ask volunteers to share their answers. ANSWER Sample answers: The tundra is dry but cold. The desert is hot and arid. The grasslands have mild temperatures and are moist and humid, but some are semiarid. The forest climate depends on the type: the taiga has long winters and short summers; the deciduous forests have warm summers and cold winters with plenty of precipitation; the tropical rain forests are warm and humid all year. B Complete a graphic organizer Read the instructions aloud. Have students complete the organizer individually. Remind them to look in the text for answers. ANSWERS Sample answers: tundra – cause: Only the top layer of ground thaws. effect: Trees can’t grow in the tundra. desert– cause: The desert doesn’t get much water. effect: Plants have adapted with features such as the cactus’s trunk to survive for a long time without water.; grassland – cause: Grasslands are often dry. effect: Grasses have developed long roots to reach water during dry periods. forest – cause: The taiga forest is cold. effect: Trees don’t have sap so that needles on evergreens don’t freeze. C Explain cause and effect relationships Have students complete the activity in pairs. Direct them to take turns explaining the causes and effects for each biome. Have them correct each other, if necessary. D Have students write sentences independently, then discuss them with a partner before sharing with the class. ANSWER Sample answers: Not many plants grow in the tundra. As a result, many animals have to migrate to find food. Because the desert doesn’t get much water, plants have adapted to survive a long time without water. Since grasslands can be cold in winter, many animals have fur that grows thicker in winter. Many trees in the taiga don’t have sap, so evergreen needles don’t freeze. EXPLORE AND LEARN PRACTICE Apply the Reading Strategy Identify Cause and Effect A What is the climate of each biome? Discuss with a classmate. B How does the environment of each biome affect the plants and animals that live there? Complete a cause and effect graphic organizer for each biome. C Tell a classmate about the cause and effect relationships in Activity B. D Write sentences using the notes from the graphic organizer. Use words that show cause and effect, like as a result, because, since, and so. Since only the top layer of ground thaws, trees can’t grow in the tundra. tundra Only the top layer of ground thaws. Trees can’t grow in the tundra. biome cause effect desert grassland forest AFTER YOU Read UNIT 7 260 UNIT 7 / AFTER YOU READ
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