UNIT X UNIT 7 | 245 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Students may need additional help understanding how to use different cause and effect words. After writing the two example sentences on the board, model how to use different words to connect them: I am thirsty. As a result, I am drinking water. I am thirsty so I am drinking water. I am drinking water because I am thirsty. I am drinking water since I am thirsty. Ask volunteers to read the sample sentences. Before students start Activity C, point out differences in punctuation and capitalization. Amplify Have students expand on Activity C by writing a short paragraph about themselves. Then have them share their paragraphs with a partner. Reading Strategy: Identify Cause and Effect Write these sentences on the board. I am thirsty. I am drinking water. Point to the first sentence and say: I am thirsty. This is the cause. Then point to the second sentence and say: I am drinking water. This is the effect. Read the Reading Strategy text aloud. Say: You can use the words as a result, because, since, and so to show cause and effect relationships. The words because and since go before a cause. The words as a result and so go before an effect. A Preview images and graphic organizer Preview the images. Say: These are all pictures of Jordan. What is he doing in each picture? Then point out the graphic organizer. Explain that the left column is for causes and the right column is for effects. Have students complete the activity. ANSWERS Jordan is hungry. He eats an apple. It’s cold outside. Jordan wears a hat, a coat, and a scarf. Jordan is sleepy. He goes to bed. B Use cause and effect words Have students explain Jordan’s actions using cause and effect words to a partner. Refer them to the model on the board as needed. ANSWERS Sample answers: Jordan is hungry, so he eats an apple. Jordan eats an apple since he’s hungry. Jordan wears a coat because it’s cold outside.; It’s cold outside, so Jordan wears a coat. Jordan goes to bed since he’s sleepy.; Jordan is sleepy. As a result, he goes to bed. C Write sentences Model how to write a sentence using the information in the chart and facts about you. Then have students complete the activity individually. ANSWERS I’m hungry, so I eat a fruit bar. It’s cold outside. As a result, I wear gloves. Since I’m tired, I take a nap. Have students work in pairs or small groups to share their personal sentences from Activity C. Practice Book p. 133 Assessment Program p. 121 EXPLORE AND LEARN COMMUNICATE PRACTICE Identify Cause and Effect Reading Strategy In a cause and effect relationship, one event causes the other to happen. The cause is why something happens. The effect is what happened, or the result. Understanding cause and effect helps you understand why things happen in a text. Some words that show cause and effect relationships are: as a result because since so Try Out the Strategy A Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences in the graphic organizer. B Use your notes to explain Jordan’s actions. Use cause and effect words. C Write sentences so the information in the chart is true for you. I’m hungry, so I eat . . . It’s cold outside. Jordan is Jordan eats an apple because he’s hungry. Jordan is hungry, so he eats an apple. Jordan is hungry. cause effect He eats Jordan wears He goes to bed. UNIT 7 245 UNIT X7 / BEFORE YOU READ
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