UNIT X UNIT 6 | 225 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold • Have students use dictionaries and their home language, if they need to, to make a list of time clauses. • Model using the examples on the board until students are confident enough to try the exercises. Amplify Offer students a short paragraph containing sentences with errors related to commas and time clauses (time clauses at the beginning of sentence without commas and at the end of a sentences with commas). Have students correct the paragraph and check their answers with a partner. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Write: Time Clauses Write three complete sentences, using commas and time clauses, about what you did last week. GRAMMAR: Time Clauses Understand time clauses Read the information in the grammar box aloud. Pause and call on volunteers to read the example sentences. Explain to students how we use inductive reasoning to know how time clauses tell us when something happened. Echo read the rules and examples again. A Identify when to use time clauses Have students complete Activity A using the rules as a guideline. Have a student come to the board to write each answer. ANSWERS Other introductory time clauses: Before the revolution; On October 25, 1774; Today B Use commas with time clauses Before writing, have a class discussion about how a comma functions. (It indicates a pause and separates information.) Have students review the rules for when and where you use a comma with a time clause. Then have students complete Activity B independently. ANSWERS Sample answers: 1. Yesterday, I read about a hero of the American Revolution. 2. no commas needed 3. Before the American Revolutionary War, Thomas went to England. 4. During the war, he couldn’t return to America. 5. When Thomas was gone, Penelope took care of their land. 6. no commas needed C Make connections Before writing, have students brainstorm with a partner the different introductory words for time clauses they know. ANSWERS Sample answers: Before school, I brushed my teeth. After I brushed my teeth, I put on my shoes. After school, I went to a guitar lesson. When it was over, I did my homework. Practice Book p. 123 Assessment Program p. 105 Proficiency Assessment: Mid-Unit Exam EXPLORE AND LEARN PRACTICE COMMUNICATE A Find two more time clauses in Penelope Barker Takes Action. Write them. B Put commas in the correct places in the sentences, if needed. 1. Yesterday I read about a hero of the American Revolution. 2. Penelope married Thomas Barker in 1757. 3. Before the American Revolutionary War Thomas went to England. 4. During the war he couldn’t return to America. 5. When Thomas was gone Penelope took care of their land. 6. Thomas finally came home after 17 years. C Write sentences about what you did before and after school yesterday. Before school, I ate breakfast. I fed my cat after breakfast. GRAMMAR Time Clauses You can use a time clause to tell when an event happened or happens. A time clause can begin a sentence. Use a comma after the introductory time clause. On December 16, 1773, colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor. During the meeting, they drank their own tea made from local leaves. You can also put a time clause later in the sentence. Do not use a comma. Penelope Barker was born in 1728. Fifty women came to her house on October 25, 1774. Some common introductory time clauses are: after before during in + date on + date today when yesterday 225 UNIT 6 UNIT 6 / CONNECT TO GRAMMAR
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