UNIT X 192 | UNIT 5 DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Guide students to create vocabulary cards for key terms (such as longship, shields, senses, angle, and thunder) and boldface terms in the article. Cards should include the term, a definition or description, and a visual that shows its meaning. Have students refer to these cards as resources during the activities. Amplify Provide students with access to more information about Viking longships. Direct students to find facts about the boat or its use: for example, its dimensions, how many men it held, how long this type of boat was used in Europe. Have students work together in pairs or small groups to read the information and create a poster displaying facts. Have groups present their posters to the whole class. Instructional Routine: Social Studies p. Txxxi Viking Exploration Build content vocabulary Assess students’ understanding of the term Viking Exploration. Display a map of Scandinavia. Say: The Vikings were famous explorers. They lived during the 8th to 11th centuries. Point out that Viking refers to the ancient Norse people of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway and point to these countries on the map. On the board, draw a web with Viking Exploration in the center circle and five circles branching out from it. Essential Question: What helped people travel to new areas in the past? Read aloud the Essential Question and ask students to share what they know about traveling in the past. Write responses on the board. ANSWERS Sample answers: In the past, the stars and the planets and their positions in the sky helped people travel. A Traveling by Sea • Understand genre Tell students that this is an informational text. Ask them to share what they know about informational texts. (They give information about a topic.) • Preview Preview the text with students. Ask a volunteer to read the title aloud. Then direct students’ attention to the illustration and ask: What do you see? Have students connect the picture to the title. (travel by boat on the sea) • Skim to predict Ask: What do you think the article will say about traveling by sea? Have students skim the text by reading the first two sentences of every paragraph and make predictions. • Listen actively Play the audio of the text as students follow along. Tell students to track the central idea as they listen. • Listen again and check predictions Replay the audio, this time asking students to check their predictions. After they are finished, ask: What does the text say about traveling by sea? (the Vikings explored by sea) What kind of information do we learn about the Vikings? Elicit that the article explains who they were, when they explored, how they traveled, where they went, and what helped them travel. Label the concept web’s outer circles as students identify each type of information: Who, When, How, Where, What. Remind students that informational texts give facts and answer Wh- questions about topics. • Summarize informational text Ask students to summarize the text for a partner, using the key words in the concept web as guides to organize their ideas. Then work as a class to generate a brief summary of the text. Write it on the board, and fill in relevant details in the concept web. EXPLORE AND LEARN Viking Exploration A Read the informational text. Traveling by Sea The Vikings were Norse sailors and soldiers in Scandinavia. They traveled the oceans in longships over 3,000 years ago. The boats were made from strong, hard wood. They were long and narrow and moved quickly in the water. Vikings made sea voyages to distant places, and the longships also moved easily in shallow rivers. Most of the time, the Vikings rowed the ships with oars. They only used sails when the wind was blowing in the right direction. Some longships had a wooden dragon on the front to scare enemies. The longships were sometimes called dragon ships. The Vikings often put their shields on the side of their ships. This protected them from attacks. Vikings sailed to northern Europe, Greenland, Iceland, and Newfoundland in North America. During the day, they used the position of the Sun to navigate. They also used their senses to help them navigate. They sensed the direction of the wind, watched the angle and color of the waves, tasted the water, and smelled the air to help them. At night, they used stars to navigate. Polaris, or the North Star, often guided them. They had names and stories for some constellations. In Norse mythology, Thor was the god of thunder, weather, and crops. The constellation Ursa Major was his chariot. What helped people travel to new areas in the past? ? ESSENTIAL QUESTION Viking longships could travel great distances. CONNECT TO Social Studies 192 UNIT 5 UNIT 5 / CONNECT TO SOCIAL STUDIES
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