UNIT X UNIT 5 | 167 UNIT 5 / BEFORE YOU READ FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Talk and write: Connotative meanings Ask and answer in pairs: What does connotation mean? Write a positive and a negative connotation of spider. Use the Vocabulary A • Play a game Ask: Which new words express good things? Not good things? Have students study the words on page 166 for one or two minutes to decide. Then direct students to close their books. Use gestures, pantomime, and synonyms to express the meanings. Have students guess the words, giving a thumbs up for good and a thumbs down for not good. • Classify vocabulary Read aloud the directions. Ensure students understand positive and negative. Model how to identify one term for each category. Then have pairs complete the chart. • Decode words with suffixes Elicit words with a suffix and have students identify the base word and suffix (-ly). Ask: What does -ly mean? (like, in the way of, or with) What is the meaning of proudly? (with pride, in a proud way) • Connect to self Direct pairs to discuss times when they or people they know acted boldly or spoke proudly. ANSWERS 1. Positive: admit, clever, proudly, boldly, competition, reward; Negative: tricks, argue; Positive or negative: lightly Develop Vocabulary: Connotative Meanings A • Build background knowledge Write on the board: The little boy ate the entire cake as his reward for getting an A. Underneath write: Denotation: gave himself a gift for an achievement; Connotation: _____; may get sick, so rewarded has a _____ connotation. Ask: Is the connotation positive or negative? How do you know? (negative; He ate too much and may get sick.) Point out that readers need to use context to sort denotations from connotations in a text, and identify whether the connotation is positive or negative. • Analyze vocabulary Have students listen to or read the descriptions at least twice. ANSWERS 1. D, C, C; 2. C, D, C Make a list Have students work in pairs with mixed proficiency. Direct students to define proudly and boldly and write sentences using each word in a positive connotation and a negative connotation. Then share sentences with another pair and discuss and explain answers. Practice Book pp. 90–91 Assessment Program p. 82 COMMUNICATE DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold To support students with less proficiency for the connotation activity, supply definitions of the words, and work with students to identify positive and negative connotations. Have students use the following format and try to repeat independently for two more words: Word: _____ Denotation: _____ Connotations: (P) _____ (N) _____ Amplify Direct students to broaden the context by developing the situations in the connotation activity. For example, to show a negative connotation of a spider as a mysterious, scary creature, students might describe what happens when a child sees a spider weaving a web. PRACTICE Use the Vocabulary A Which key words from page 166 are positive? Which words are negative? Which could be both? Complete a chart like this one. Explain your answers. Develop Vocabulary Connotative Meanings Denotation is the meaning of a word in a dictionary. A word can have a positive or a negative connotation. The connotation is the feeling that a word shows. Read the sentence about Kiki’s Journey in Unit 3. Kiki’s mother blushes while Kiki smiles and hums along. denotation: her face turns red connotation: positive; Kiki’s mom feels happy, so blush has a positive connotation. Read another sentence about Kiki’s Journey. Kiki blushes and looks down sadly when her teacher asks her a question. denotation: her face turns red connotation: negative; Kiki feels bad, so blush has a negative connotation. A Look at the meanings of the words. Write D for denotation and C for connotation. Identify the positive and negative connotations. 1. spider a mysterious, scary creature a clever creature, a protector a small creature with eight legs 2. web a protective place that keeps bad things away a net made from threads woven by a spider a dangerous place where you can get trapped positive negative could be positive or negative clever 167 UNIT 5
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