UNIT X 64 | UNIT 2 Instructional Routine: Grammar p. Txxviii Grammar in Action A • Use text features to make predictions Have students preview the title, focusing on the structure of the informational text, the words in bold type, and the photo. Ask: What do you think this text is about? Why was this structure built? Is this a world wonder? Have students skim the text to confirm or change their predictions. • Listen for understanding Play the audio, directing students to listen for general understanding. Play it again, asking students to read silently and pay attention to the words in bold type and how context sometimes reveals their meaning. • Use context to determine meaning On the board, write the boldfaced words: rulers, united, protected, emperors, enemies, and soldiers. Some words may be difficult to understand, so have students use the Picture Dictionary in their books to find their meanings. Ask students to use the new words in a sentence to show their understanding. B Build vocabulary Have students analyze the photo and the activity in pairs before answering the questions. ANSWERS 1. He was an emperor in ancient China. He united a group of rulers from many small areas and had them connect their walls to make one long wall. 2. The wall protected the country of China. It kept out their enemies. 3. Soldiers stood in the watchtowers. They looked for enemies and sent signals to communicate with each other. EXPLORE AND LEARN DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION Scaffold Have students locate the words in bold in the text by reading the complete sentence in which they appear. Have students use inference to try to guess the meaning of each word. Amplify Have students write a list of questions they would ask if they could interview an architect of the Great Wall of China. Students can research information about it to come up with questions. In pairs, students can perform their interview for the class. PRACTICE Grammar in Action A Read the informational text. THE LONGEST WALL he Great Wall of China is the world’s longest structure made by people. It is more than 4,000 miles long! The wall goes from west to east along the northern border of China. The Great Wall was made up of many smaller walls in the past. Rulers of small areas in ancient China built these walls. Over 2,000 years ago, Emperor Qin Shi Huang united these areas. He wanted one long wall. More than one million people built new parts to connect the walls. The long wall protected the country. It was also a symbol of the power of the Chinese empire. Other Chinese emperors added to the wall for thousands of years. People built most of today’s wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). They used everything from dirt to wood to stone. Some stones in the wall weigh over two tons. People and animals moved these heavy stones. There were 25,000 watchtowers along the wall. Someone stood in each tower to look for enemies. During the day, the soldiers used smoke signals to communicate with others. At night, they sent signals with fire. Today, many people visit the Great Wall of China. It is one of the greatest human-made wonders of the world. One-third of it has disappeared, but it’s still the longest human-made structure in the world. B Use the vocabulary 1. Who was Qin Shi Huang? What did he do? 2. What did the new wall protect? How? 3. Who stood in the watchtowers? What did they do? T UNIT 2 64 CONNECT TO Grammar Tutorial UNIT 2 / CONNECT TO GRAMMAR
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