Portales - PROGRAM SAMPLER

52 Instructor’s Manual • Lesson Two Teaching Tips • Model clarification/contrast sentences. Ask several students: ¿Dónde desayunas? Then, pointing to two students who answered differently, ask the class: ¿Dónde desayunan? (Él desayuna en la cafetería y ella desayuna en la residencia estudiantil.) Then show how to use subject pronouns to give emphasis. Ex: —____, ¿te gusta bailar? —No, no me gusta bailar. —____ no baila. Yo bailo. • Point out the position of subjects and subject pronouns with regard to the verbs in affirmative and negative sentences. • Stress that subject pronouns are never used with gustar . They appear in the grammar explanation only for guidance. • Point out that, just as subject pronouns can be used for clarification or emphasis, students should use the prepositional phrases a mí, a ti, etc., with the verb gustar to clarify or give emphasis. Also point out the written accent on mí and the lack of an accent on ti . • Point out that, even when two or more infinitives are used, the form remains singular: gusta . • Divide the board into two columns. On the left side, list the indirect object pronouns ( me, te ). On the right side, provide a mix of infinitives and plural and singular nouns, and have students supply gusta or gustan for each one. Then call on volunteers to combine elements from each column to form sentences. • If you wish to practice the third person, write the headings Gustos and Disgustos on the board. Have the class brainstorm likes and dislikes among the students at your school, including classes, pastimes, music, and movies. Use the lists to form statements and questions. TEACHING OPTIONS Video Show the Fotonovela again and stop the video where appropriate to discuss how certain verbs were used and to ask questions. Pairs Introduce five word pairs (mix of infinitives and plu- ral and singular nouns). Ex: la Coca-Cola / la Pepsi Have student pairs take turns asking each other what they like better: ¿Qué te gusta más…? Then have them write a summary of what each of them likes to share with the class. Game Divide the class into two teams. Call on one team member at a time, alternating between teams. Give an –ar verb in its infinitive form and name a subject pronoun. The team member should say the corresponding present tense verb form. Give one point per correct answer. Deduct one point for each wrong answer. The team with the most points at the end wins. 52 cincuenta y dos Lección 2  Spanish speakers often omit subject pronouns because the verb endings indicate who the subject is. In Spanish, subject pronouns are used for emphasis, clarification, or contrast. — ¿Qué enseñan? What do they teach? — Ella enseña arte y él enseña física. She teaches art, and he teaches physics. — ¿Quién desea trabajar hoy? Who wants to work today? — Yo no deseo trabajar hoy. I don’t want to work today. The verb gustar  Gustar is different from other -ar verbs. To express your likes and dislikes, use the expression (no) me gusta + el/la + [ singular noun ] or (no) me gustan + los/las + [ plural noun ]. Note: You may use the phrase a mí for emphasis, but never the subject pronoun yo . Me gusta la música clásica. I like classical music. Me gustan las clases de español y biología. I like Spanish and biology classes. A mí me gustan las artes. I like the arts. A mí no me gusta el programa. I don’t like the program.  To talk about what you like and don’t like to do, use (no) me gusta + [ infinitive(s) ]. Note that the singular gusta is always used, even with more than one infinitive. No me gusta viajar en autobús. I don’t like to travel by bus. Me gusta cantar y bailar . I like to sing and dance.  To ask a friend about likes and dislikes, use the pronoun te instead of me . Note: You may use a ti for emphasis, but never the subject pronoun tú . — ¿Te gusta la geografía? Do you like geography? — Sí, me gusta. Y a ti, ¿te gusta el inglés? Yes, I like it. And you, do you like English?  You can use this same structure to talk about other people by using the pronouns nos , le , and les . Unless your instructor tells you otherwise, only the me and te forms will appear on test materials until Lección 7 . Nos gusta dibujar. (nosotros) We like to draw. Nos gustan las clases de español e inglés. (nosotros) We like Spanish class and English class. No le gusta trabajar. (usted, él, ella) You don’t like to work. He/She doesn’t like to work. Les gusta el arte. (ustedes, ellos, ellas) You like art. They like art. ¡INTÉNTALO! Provide the present tense forms of these verbs. hablar gustar 1. Yo español. 2. Ellos español. 3. Inés español. 4. Tú español. 5. Nosotras español. 1. el café. (a mí) 2. ¿ las clases? (a ti) 3. No el café. (a ti) 4. No el café. (a mí) 5. No las clases. (a mí) hablo hablan habla hablas hablamos Me gusta Te gustan te gusta me gusta me gustan Use the construction a + [ name/pronoun ] to clarify to whom you are referring. This construction is not always necessary. A Gabriela le gusta bailar. A Sara y a él les gustan los animales. A mí me gusta viajar. ¿ A ti te gustan las clases? AYUDA For more on gustar and other verbs like it, see Estructura 7.4 , pp. 246–247. CONSULTA Note that gustar does not behave like other -ar verbs. You must study its use carefully and pay attention to prepositions, pronouns, and agreement. ¡ ATENC I ÓN!