PERSPECTIVES - PROGRAM SAMPLER

Categories of adverbs Most common adverbs can be grouped by category. time alors, aujourd’hui, bientôt, d’abord, de temps en temps, déjà, demain, encore, enfin, ensuite, hier, jamais, maintenant, parfois, quelquefois, rarement, souvent, tard, tôt, toujours manner ainsi ( thus ), bien, donc, en général, lentement, mal, soudain, surtout, très, vite opinion heureusement, malheureusement, peut-être, probablement, sans doute place dedans, dehors, ici, là, là-bas, nulle part ( nowhere ), partout ( everywhere ), quelque part ( somewhere ) quantity assez, autant, beaucoup, peu, trop Position of adverbs In the case of a simple tense (present indicative, imparfait , future, etc.), an adverb immediately follows the verb it modifies. Gérard s’arrête toujours au marché. Gérard always stops at the market. Il attend patiemment son entrée. He waits patiently for his appetizer. In the passé composé , place short or common adverbs before the past participle. Place longer or less common adverbs after the past participle. Nous sommes déjà arrivés au resto. We already arrived at the restaurant. Il a goûté ce plat épicé prudemment. He tried that spicy dish prudently. Vous avez vraiment compris cette recette? Did you really understand this recipe? Tu t’es levée régulièrement à six heures. You got up regularly at six o’clock. In negative sentences, the adverbs peut-être , sans doute , and probablement usually precede pas . Elle n’est pas souvent chez elle. She is not often at home. Elle n’a peut-être pas lu ton e-mail. She probably hasn’t read your e-mail. Common adverbs of time and place typically follow the past participle. Elle a commencé tôt à cuisiner. She started to cook early. Nous ne sommes pas descendus ici . We did not get off here. In a few expressions, an adjective functions as an adverb. Therefore, it is invariable. coûter cher to cost a lot parler bas/fort to speak softly/loudly sentir bon/mauvais to smell good/bad travailler dur to work hard but BLOC-NOTES There are other compound tenses in French that require a form of avoir or être and a past participle. See Structures 4.1 , pp. 132–133 for an introduction to the plus- que-parfait. ATTENTION! In English, adverbs sometimes immediately follow the subject. In French, this is never the case. My roommate constantly wakes me up. Mon colocataire me réveille constamment. 61 La gastronomie et le patrimoine culinaire LEÇON 2