PROTAGONISTAS - PROGRAM SAMPLER

IAEx-2x7v Studying Vocabulary Protagonistas takes an innovative approach to teaching vocabulary. You learn the words that you need in order to complete the communicative task at hand. Vocabulary is presented at three different levels. First, convenient Vocabulario sidebars list the active words on the spread where they are used, in the order in which they are used. English translations are provided for easy reference, and cognates are listed in bold without translations, to help you see the connections between Spanish and English. The Vocabulario page at the end of each lesson summarizes the active vocabulary. Here, all words are listed with their English translation, and words are grouped alphabetically by part of speech. Finally, the Spanish-English and English-Spanish glossaries in your textbook appendix list all the text’s active vocabulary with convenient references to the lesson where each word is presented. In addition, most lessons include a Variación léxica feature that provides alternate words and expressions used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Note that only those terms listed in blue are considered active vocabulary. On the other hand, cultural notes, literary readings, and informative texts present bottom-line glosses to facilitate comprehension in context. These words and expressions are not considered active vocabulary. Studying Grammar Grammar structures are also presented at three levels in Protagonistas . Sidebars in the lesson provide examples of the language structures you need in order to complete the communicative function presented on the page. These structures are explained in their functional context in the Gramática funcional reference section at the end of each lesson, together with examples of usage and practice activities to reinforce what you have learned. GRAMÁTICA FUNCIONAL ¡Póngalo en prác Completar Complete the conversat • Buenos días. ■ Buenos días. ¿ (1) • Un café con leche y un cruasán. ■ Muy bien. Aquí tiene. • ¿ ( 2 ) ■ ( 3 ) tres euros. • ¡Muchas gracias! Beber o comer Complete the sente the appropriate forms of beber or co 1. Lorenzo pan tostad 2. Tú zumo de naranj 3. Mateo y yo café c 4. ¿ ustedes los chur 5. Vosotras un café c 6. Adela una taza de 7. Yo siempre flan de 8. Antonio y Jorge té desayuno. G1 G2 Order and pay at a café 2 B .1 Interrogative ¿cuánto? Regular -ar verbs: desear • To take someone’s order at a restaurant or café, ask ¿Qué desea? if there is one client or ¿Qué desean? for more than one. ¿Qué desea, señorita? What would you like, miss? ¿Qué desean , señores? What would you like, gentlemen? • To ask how much you owe at a café, say ¿Cuánto es? (How much is it?) To answer, say Son X euros / dólares / pesos , etc. Talk about daily meals 2 B .2 Regular -er verbs: beber , comer • Use the verbs comer (to eat) and beber (to drink) to talk about your meals. Comer and beber are regular -er verbs; all regular -er verbs follow the same conjugation pattern. COMER BEBER (yo) (tú) (usted, él, ella) (nosotros/as) (vosotros/as) com o com es com e com emos com éis beb o beb es beb e beb emos beb éis 9 5 .1 .1 5 .1 .1 Tutorials Finally, the Grammar Reference in your textbook appendix offers a thorough traditional grammar reference where topics are organized by part of speech. 2.2 Formation of the plural ( El plural ) L1B, L2A singular plural Ending in a vowel cas a , coch e , camarer o + -s casa s , coche s , camarero s Ending in a c ns nant ho pita l , me s , profeso r , tre n + -es hospital es , mes es , profesor es , tren es Ending in -s (after an unstressed vowel) (el) lunes, (la) crisis No change (los) lunes, (las) crisis • When the final syllable of a noun carries a written accent in the singular form, the written accent is dropped in the plural . la nación las naciones the nation the nations • When a singular noun ends in -z , change the z to c before adding -es . Grammar Reference cuarenta y ci el paseo walkway la pirámide pyramid la población population las ruinas ruins la superficie area la tienda store la universidad university el/la universitario/a college studen el verano summer cómodo/a comfortable importante important joven ( pl . jóvenes) young mucho/a much, a lot ocupado/a busy orgulloso/a proud perfecto/a perfect único/a unique allí there además in addition ideal ideal insoportable unbearable pocos/as few tranquilo/a calm, quiet pero but agradable pleasant antiguo/a old bonito/a pretty famoso/a famous fantástico/a fantastic moderno/a modern precioso/a lovely romántico/a romantic simpático/a nice típico/a typical cerca de near entre between lejos de far from muy very Variación léxica el ayuntamiento la intendencia ( Arg., Uru. ) la municipalidad la periferia las afueras el polideportivo el complejo deportivo el parque de recreación y deportes Successful Language Learning Encourage students to write sentences about their own lives using the vocabulary words they have learned. Suggestion Point out the words joven and jóvenes . Explain to students that the written accent on the plural form is necessary in order to maintain the spoken stress on the first syllable of the word. Remind students that written accent marks are an important part of a word’s spelling. Supersite: Cerca de casa, WebSAM treinta y nueve 39 Modelo: ¿Tu barrio tiene…? b. Su barrio Now tell the class about your partner's neighborhood . Modelo: Su barrio tiene… / no tiene… Una carta al director Work with a partner to write a let ter to the editor about two problems in your neighborhood . Sh re your let ter wi h he lass . Sr. Director : Describir Describe your ideal neighborhood or town . Before completing the activit y, decide whether each of the words listed is masculine or feminine, and list them under the appropriate definite ar ticles. museo, iglesia, parque, plaza, discoteca, centro comercial, polideportivo, catedral, ayuntamiento el la GUIÓN DE TRABAJO museos parques plazas centros comerciales polidepor tivos ayuntamiento ruido tráfico problemas tranquilidad discotecas monumentos Mi barrio ideal no tiene… tiene… 15 MI EXPERIENCIA 16 Vocabulario cont. el/la privilegiado/a privileged person tranquilo/a quiet el problema, el tráfico, horrible, la familia, diferente la tranquilidad peace, tranquility ideal 16 Mi barrio no tiene p rques. ¿ Tu barrio está en el centro? ¡ Su ciudad es preciosa! 2 A .8 Possessives (singular) Lugares de encuentro Most cities in Spanish-speaking countries have a central plaza, where important government and religious buildings are loc ted, here official ceremonies and celebrations are held, and where people gather to socialize or hold markets. Famous plazas in San José include Plaza de la Cultura and Plaza de la Democracia . 15 Draw attention to the greeting used in the model lett r. Ask students what form of punctuation is used (a colon, or dos puntos ). Explain that a colon is always used to open formal and i formal writt communication in Spanish, be it a letter, postcard, e-mail, etc. Have each student choose a Central American capital and research the names of major plazas in that city. Ask them to research what notable monuments, statues, buildings, etc., are located in ach plaza. Practice more at vhlcentral.com . a. Cafetería Levante Alicante, Spain. R items they order. un café solo un té un café con leche un chocolate un zumo de naranja un yogur b. El desayu o Wha your partner? • YO: Completar Look at t bla ks to tell what e • Por favor, camarer Café con • ¿Cuánto es, por fa Representar I grou Hola, ¿qué.................. ......................... 1 2 3 Vocabulario el té tea el desayuno breakfast la tostada toast la mantequilla butter la mermelada jam, marmalade por favor please el cruasán croissant el zumo/jugo de naranja ( Esp./ Amér. L. ) orange juice natural fresh ¿Qué desean tomar? What would you like (to have)? el café solo black coffee ¿Cuánto es? How much is it? Son 9 euros. It’s 9 euros. el queso cheese l pan bread el aceite de oliva olive oil los cereales, los churros, el sándwich, el yogur el/la c marero/a waiter/waitress 1 2 Pedir y pagar en una cafetería • ¿Qué desea tomar? ■ Un té y un cruasán. ■ ¿ Cuánto es? • Son 3 euros. 2 B .1 Interrogative ¿cuánto? 2 B CAFETERÍA LEVANTE DESAYUNO N º 1: 3€ - Café (solo o con leche) o té - Tost d con mantequilla y ermelad , cruasán o churros DESAYUNO N º 2: 4€ - Chocolate con churros _____________ - Zumo de naranja natural 2 € Son 9 euros. ESPECI Café con L T ¿ V A Y T T U W W P ¿ U T S 5