PERSPECTIVAS - PROGRAM SAMPLER

ESTRUCTURAS presents intermediate grammar topics with Documental video integration and other visual support. INTEGRATION OF DOCUMENTAL Photos with captions from the lesson’s short documentary show the new grammar structures in cultural and thematic contexts. GRAMMAR EXPLANATIONS Explanations are easy to understand. Comprehensible charts, diagrams, and model sentences highlight grammar and thematic vocabulary. ATENCIÓN These sidebars expand on the current grammar point and call attention to possible sources of confusion. TALLER DE CONSULTA These sidebars reference related grammar points presented actively in Estructuras and refer you to the supplemental Manual de gramática found at the end of the book. COMPARACIONES These sidebars provide opportunities to use your Spanish to reflect on the nature of language through comparisons with your own. • Grammar presentations • Animated grammar tutorials TALLER DE CONSULTA This additional grammar topic is covered in the Manual de gramática, Lección 4: 4.4 To become: hacerse, ponerse, and volverse, p. 418. TALLER DE CONSULTA See 10.2, pp. 374–375 , for a list of additional negative words. ¡ATENCIÓN! An adjective clause ( oración subordinada adjetiva ) is a subordinate clause that describes a noun or pronoun, called the antecedent, in the main clause. The subjunctive in adjective clauses When an adjective clause describes an antecedent that is known to exist, use the indicative. When the antecedent is unknown or uncertain, use the subjunctive. MAIN CLAUSE: ANTECEDENT UNCERTAIN CONNECTOR SUBORDINATE CLAUSE: SUBJUNCTIVE Busco una amistad que dure toda la vida. Antecedent certain ➔ Indicative Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre los nuevos modelos de familia. I need the book that has information about the new family models. Buscamos los documentos que describen el patrimonio de nuestros antepasados. We’re looking for the documents that describe our ancestors’ heritage. Tiene un esposo que la trata con respeto y comprensión. She has a husband who treats her with respect and understanding. Antecedent uncertain ➔ Subjunctive Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre los nuevos modelos de familia. I need a book that has information about the new family models. Buscamos documentos que describan el patrimonio de nuestros antepasados. We’re looking for (any) documents that (may) describe our ancestors’ heritage. Quiere un esposo que la trate con respeto y comprensión. She wants a husband who will treat her with respect and understanding. When the antecedent of an adjective clause contains a negative word (e.g., nadie, ninguno/a ), the subjunctive is used. Antecedent certain ➔ Indicative Elena tiene tres familiares que viven en Buenos Aires. Elena has three relatives who live in Buenos Aires. De los cinco nietos, hay dos que se parecen a la abuela. Of the five grandchildren, there are two who resemble their grandmother. Tengo un amigo que usa las redes sociales para encontrar pareja. I have a friend who uses social networks to find a partner. Antecedent uncertain ➔ Subjunctive Elena no tiene ningún familiar que viva en La Plata. Elena doesn’t have any relatives who live in La Plata. De todos mis nietos, no hay ninguno que se parezca a mí. Of all my grandchildren, there’s not one who looks like me. No conozco a nadie que use las redes sociales para encontrar pareja. I don’t know anyone who uses social networks to find a partner. 4.1 138 ESTRUCTURAS Presentation Do not use the personal a with direct objects that represent hypothetical persons. Antecedent uncertain ➔ Subjunctive Busco una chica que sea inteligente, divertida y sincera. I’m looking for a girl who is smart, funny and sincere. Antecedent certain ➔ Indicative Conozco a una chica que es inteligente, divertida y sincera. I know a girl who is smart, funny and sincere. Use the personal a before nadie and alguien , even when their existence is uncertain. Antecedent uncertain ➔ Subjunctive No conozco a nadie que se queje tanto como mi suegro. I don’t know anyone who complains as much as my father-in-law. Antecedent certain ➔ Indicative Yo conozco a alguien que se queja aún más... ¡el mío! I know someone who complains even more... mine! The subjunctive is commonly used in questions with adjective clauses when the speaker is trying to find out information about which he or she is uncertain. If the person who responds knows the information, the indicative is used. Antecedent uncertain ➔ Subjunctive ¿Me recomiendas un restaurante que le guste a tu hermano? Can you recommend a restaurant that your brother likes? Oigan, ¿no me pueden poner algún apodo que me quede mejor? Hey, can’t you give me a nickname that fits me better? Antecedent certain ➔ Indicative Sí, conozco un restaurante argentino que le gusta mucho. Yes, I know an Argentinean restaurant that he likes a lot. Bueno, si tú insistes, pero Flaco es el apodo que te queda mejor. OK, if you insist, but Skinny is the nickname that suits you best. Si leyó en Gente algo con lo que no está de acuerdo, discútalo con alguien que le preste atención. Con Gente. Nos gusta saber lo que piensa. Envíe sus mensajes electrónicos al buzón de Gente. Revista Gente Correo-e: [email protected] México, D.F. 139 Los seres queridos LECCIÓN 4 IAE-18 PERSPECTIVAS at a glance 20