Get Ready! Sail - PROGRAM SAMPLER

English Grammar Point Language Transfer Issue Sample Transfer Error Language Background Cause of Difficulty INFINITIVES & GERUNDS Substitution with infinitives Uses for or that in infinitive phrases She left for go to college . (She left to go to college .) I want that you go . (I want you to go .) Spanish Arabic Spanish uses a prepositional form that translates as for . Arabic uses a that clause where English uses the infinitive . Gerunds Does not exist I enjoy read books . (I enjoy reading books .) Vietnamese, Mandarin, Haitian Creole There is no gerund form in Vietnamese, Mandarin, or Haitian Creole . (See more specific information in “Verb” category .) NOUNS Plural forms Omits the - s from plural nouns I have three brother . (I have three brothers .) My friend Amir has eleven brother . (My friend Amir has eleven brothers .) Mandarin, Vietnamese Arabic Nouns do not change form to show the plural in Mandarin or Vietnamese . In Arabic, singular nouns are used after a numeral above ten . Possessive forms Avoids using ‘ s to indicate possession house of my uncle (my uncle’s house) dog my father (my father’s dog) Spanish Vietnamese, Arabic In Spanish, possession is often described using a prepositional phrase . In Vietnamese, a noun follows the object . In Arabic, genitive constructions pose an issue . Txliii GRAMMAR TRANSFER CHARTS