UNIT 1 BRIDGES TO LANGUAGE ARTS DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION EXPLORE AND LEARN Scaffold Provide students with more sentences to complete with a punctuation mark. Have them compare answers in pairs and explain why they chose each mark. Then have students take turns reading the sentences aloud with correct intonation or emotion. Have their classmates try to guess the intended punctuation mark by listening to the sentences rather than reading them. Amplify Play a game with end punctuation marks. Have students create three flash cards, with a large period, a large question mark, and a large exclamation point on each one. Ask students to say a sentence ending in one of the punctuation marks. Their classmates hold up the correct end punctuation mark they hear. Say a few sample sentences to begin the game; for example: I love that song! This banana is bad. Did you eat breakfast? For an added challenge, they can transform sentences to include a new punctuation. I heard you. I heard you! Then, transform it into a question: Did you hear me? Instructional Routine: Tools for Writing p. Txxxi Tools for Writing: Punctuation Basics • Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English punctuation Before presenting the information in the box, assess what students already know about punctuation. Draw a period, a question mark, and an exclamation point on the board. Point to each and ask: What is this? Where do you see this? When do you write it? • Understand the purpose of writing conventions As you read aloud the examples in the box, model correct intonation for each type of sentence. Use flat or falling intonation for sentences with a period and rising intonation for sentences with a question mark. Explain to students that we use an exclamation point to show strong emotion, and the exclamation should be read with emotion. The context of the sentence will determine if the emotion is happiness, anger, excitement, fear, etc. • Communicate effectively Call on students to read the examples aloud and provide feedback on their intonation. Ask the class to listen and identify the punctuation mark intended just by listening to the intonation of the sentence. A • Use punctuation correctly Have students work individually to identify the correct punctuation mark to end each sentence. Then have them compare their answers in pairs and practice reading the sentences aloud with correct intonation or emotion. • Review answers as a class. Note that sometimes it is difficult to determine if a sentence should have an exclamation point or a period without context or hearing the sentence spoken aloud. ANSWERS 1. period 2. question mark 3. period 4. period 5. question mark 6. question mark 7. exclamation point B Use punctuation consistently and accurately Have students work individually to write their sentences. Remind them that they should not copy sentences from the memoirs but write their own sentences about the content. Make sure that students each write six sentences, one for each memoir. Ask them to use each punctuation mark at least once. ANSWERS Sample answers: 1. Teta’s house sounds so comfortable! 2. Why did Nancy Hom’s father come to the United States from China? 3. I can’t believe that Stephen Von Mason’s great-great-great grandfather lived to be 120 years old! 4. Refugio sounds like a caring person. 5. Why did George Crespo dream about hawks? 6. Enrique Chagoya’s parents inspired him to be an artist. PRACTICE COMMUNICATE When we write, we use a punctuation mark at the end of a sentence to signal the end of a thought or idea. There are three types of end punctuation marks. Period Write a period at the end of a statement. He loved working with plants . He started Tennessee State’s music department . Question mark Write a question mark at the end of a question. Who are you? Where are your ancestors from? Exclamation point Write an exclamation point at the end of an exclamation (a phrase that expresses a strong feeling). I’m Nobody! Put education in your heart, not boys! “I love you, I love you, I love you!” TOOLS FOR WRITING Punctuation Basics A Complete each sentence with a punctuation mark. Explain your answers. 1. I met her only once 2. What ancestor inspires you the most 3. I put education in my heart, too 4. She was born in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1959 5. Where did his ancestors settle 6. Why did Nancy think her father was brave 7. I really loved the memoir about Refugio B Write one statement, question, or exclamation about each memoir from Honoring Our Ancestors. Use a period, a question mark, or an exclamation point. What did Enrique Chagoya learn from his father? Tools for Writing UNIT 1 28 BRIDGES TO LANGUAGE ARTS BLC23_SE_LB_U01_026-029_BLA.indd 28 9/15/21 12:24 PM 28 | Teacher’s Edition • UNIT 1
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