UNIT 1 BRIDGES TO GRAMMAR DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION EXPLORE AND LEARN Scaffold Explain that although irregular verbs do not follow rules for transformation, there are patterns that they follow. Some students may find it helpful to learn irregular verb forms based on patterns. The following are some common patterns, although there are many more: ° no change from base form (let, put, hit, shut, set) ° some verbs that end in -d, change to -t (send-sent, build-built, spend-spent) ° some verbs change vowel from i to a (begin-began, drink-drank, sing-sang, swim-swam) ° some verbs change vowel from short e to long e (bleed-bled, feed-fed, keep-kept, leave-left, meet-met, sleep-slept) Amplify • To review regular simple past tense verbs, ask students to identify these verbs in the text in Activity A as well. • Ask students to identify the simple past tense question forms in the interview. Review the use of the auxiliary verb do/did in present and past questions. Note that do/did is used in subject questions such as When did you start teaching here? What did you do before you came to Southwest Middle? The question What happened? in the text has a different form as it asks about the object. Instructional Routine: Grammar p. Txxix Grammar in Action: Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs • Use verb structures to present information in a variety of ways Review the simple past tense ending for regular verbs (-ed) to give context to the presentation of irregular verbs. Explain that irregular verbs do not follow rules for transformation. The best way to learn the simple past tense forms is to memorize them. Practice with the chart on the page by saying a base verb and asking students to call out the simple past form. • Demonstrate command of grammar conventions and usage Provide strategies to help students learn the irregular verb forms; for example, have them create flash cards and quiz each other in pairs. Stress both the spelling and pronunciation of the forms as equally important elements for correct usage in both speaking and writing. A Use knowledge of language when reading Tell students that since irregular past verbs change form, there is not a standard ending to look for. They must analyze each sentence to find the verb and determine the tense of the sentence based on context. Note that not all sentences in the text are in the simple past tense. INSPECT THE TEXT B Identify simple past tense verbs Tell students to read the text and identify only the irregular past tense verbs. ANSWERS I interviewed Ms. Peters, our Computer Science teacher. We sat in the computer lab, and she answered my questions. Me: Ms. Peters, when did you start teaching here? Ms. Peters: I started teaching here 10 years ago when I was right out of college! Me: What did you do before you came to Southwest Middle? Ms. Peters: I went to college. I chose a college in my home city, so I lived with my parents. I studied how to be a teacher. But when I was younger, I wanted to be a star soccer player. Me: Really? Me, too! What happened? Ms. Peters: I discovered computers. I still played soccer, but I also became obsessed with computers. What about you? Do you still want to be a star soccer player? Me: (laughs) No, not anymore. Ms. Peters: Why not? Me: I got into skateboarding a couple of years ago. That’s what I do now. Ms. Peters: Excellent! Keep going! PRACTICE I interviewed Ms. Peters, our Computer Science teacher. We sat in the computer lab, and she answered my questions. Me: Ms. Peters, when did you start teaching here? Ms. Peters: I started teaching here 10 years ago when I was right out of college! Me: What did you do before you came to Southwest Middle? Ms. Peters: I went to college. I chose a college in my home city, so I lived with my parents. I studied how to be a teacher. But when I was younger, I wanted to be a star soccer player. Me: Really? Me, too! What happened? Ms. Peters: I discovered computers. I still played soccer, but I also became obsessed with computers. What about you? Do you still want to be a star soccer player? Me: (laughs) No, not anymore. Ms. Peters: Why not? Me: I got into skateboarding a couple of years ago. That’s what I do now. Ms. Peters: Excellent! Keep going! A Read the interview. Grammar in Action AN INTERVIEW WITH Ms. Peters, Teacher You do not form the simple past tense of irregular verbs by adding -ed or -d to the base form. These verbs have special forms that you must learn. She went out of her way to help people in need. You never knew what she would put together. I put art in my heart, too. Stories of fantastic feasts fed his stomach instead. The verb be is an irregular verb. It has two simple past forms: was and were. I was born in 1898 in the heart of Mexico. His arms were hard from lifting huge plates of food. Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs IRREGULAR VERBS base verb – past form become – became begin – began bring – brought choose – chose come – came draw – drew feed – fed feel – felt get – got give – gave go – went grow – grew have – had know – knew make – made meet – met put – put say – said sit – sat take – took tell – told think – thought wear – wore UNIT 1 24 BRIDGES TO GRAMMAR TUTORIAL BLC23_SE_LB_U01_022-025_BG.indd 24 8/30/21 4:41 PM 24 | Teacher’s Edition • UNIT 1
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