UNIT 1 BRIDGES TO GRAMMAR DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION EXPLORE AND LEARN Scaffold As students orally identify the simple past tense verbs, assess their pronunciation of the -ed and -d endings. Model correct pronunciation and present pronunciation guidelines as needed: ° When the last sound before -ed is voiced, the -ed sound is pronounced /d/. Examples: grilled, smiled, saved, spilled, yelled, changed, filmed. ° When the last sound before -ed is voiceless, the -ed sound is pronounced /t/. Examples: jumped, fished, asked, kicked, dumped, honked, limped. ° When the last sound before -ed is /t/ or /d/, the -ed sound is pronounced /id/. Examples: melted, planted, rented, printed, landed, painted. Amplify Have students work in pairs. Assign each pair a memoir from Honoring Our Ancestors or other text of your choosing. Ask them to read their memoir closely to identify and list the simple past tense regular verbs. Note that the memoirs contain a mix of tenses to represent various time frames. Instructional Routine: Grammar p. Txxix Grammar in Action: Simple Past Tense: Regular Verbs • Use a variety of verb tenses Present the concept of tense. Draw a timeline on the board. Include markers for several times in the past, one marker for the present, and several times in the future. Label the present marker today. Elicit labels for the other markers that represent past and future points in time; for example, yesterday, last week, last year, tomorrow, next week, next summer. Elicit example sentences that contain past, present, and future verbs to show students how verbs change to indicate time. For example: Last week, we studied ___. Today, we are studying ___. Next week, we will study ___. • Use verb structures to present information in a variety of ways Present the information about the simple past tense. Say regular present tense verbs and ask students to identify their simple past tense forms; for example: learn, listen, talk, jump. A Read for a purpose Play the audio or read aloud the personal narrative as students follow along. Ask questions to ensure general comprehension. INSPECT THE TEXT B Use knowledge of language when reading Have students identify only the past verbs ending in -d or -ed. They will discuss past irregular verbs in the next lesson. ANSWERS Uncle Tulu came into the world in 1965. For the first 26 years of his life, he lived in Ghana. He worked as a nurse there. He loved his job, and he especially enjoyed helping children. In fact, he dedicated himself to working with children at the hospital. When I was little, Uncle Tulu came to live with us. He inspired me with his cooking. Every day, he cooked dinner for us, and the scents of Ghanaian cuisine filled our home. As I grew older, I learned more about Uncle Tulu, and he continued to influence me in good ways. Uncle Tulu was a great athlete and an excellent handball player. We played handball together every Saturday on the local court. When I joined the handball team at school, I was the best player! A few years ago, Uncle Tulu moved to California for work. I didn’t see him for a whole year. I missed him a lot. PRACTICE BRIDGES TO GRAMMAR Uncle Tulu came into the world in 1965. For the first 26 years of his life, he lived in Ghana. He worked as a nurse there. He loved his job, and he especially enjoyed helping children. In fact, he dedicated himself to working with children at the hospital. When I was little, Uncle Tulu came to live with us. He inspired me with his cooking. Every day, he cooked dinner for us, and the scents of Ghanaian cuisine filled our home. As I grew older, I learned more about Uncle Tulu, and he continued to influence me in good ways. Uncle Tulu was a great athlete and an excellent handball player. We played handball together every Saturday on the local court. When I joined the handball team at school, I was the best player! A few years ago, Uncle Tulu moved to California for work. I didn’t see him for a whole year. I missed him a lot. A Read the personal narrative. Grammar in Action My Uncle Tulu Use the simple past tense to show that an action has already happened. • Form the simple past of regular verbs by adding -ed or -d to the base verb. showed shared I learned about colors and patterns from Teta. • Form the negative of the simple past with did + not + base verb. My father didn’t know what lay ahead of him. A base verb is a verb without any endings. This is the form you find in a dictionary. Base Verbs Simple Past flow flowed influence influenced did not = didn’t Simple Past Tense: Regular Verbs UNIT 1 22 TUTORIAL Ghana Cote d’lvoire BLC23_SE_LB_U01_022-025_BG.indd 22 9/15/21 12:21 PM 22 | Teacher’s Edition • UNIT 1
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