Get Ready! Sail - PROGRAM SAMPLER

English Grammar Point Language Transfer Issue Sample Transfer Error Language Background Cause of Difficulty VERBS Present tense Omits - s in present tense, third person singular agreement He like hamburgers . (He likes hamburgers .) Mandarin, Vietnamese Subject-verb agreement is not used in Mandarin or Vietnamese . Past tense Omits tense markers Past perfect formed with be I wait for my teacher after school . (I waited for my teacher after school .) They were arrived . They had arrived . Mandarin, Vietnamese Arabic Mandarin and Vietnamese do not use inflectional endings to change verb tense . In Arabic, past perfect uses this construction . Future tense Incorrectly uses the present tense for the future tense I go next month . (I will go next month .) Mandarin In Mandarin, verb does not change to show tense; tense is indicated by context . Past continuous Uses the past continuous tense for recurring action in the past When I was young, I was playing a lot . (When I was young, I used to play a lot .) Spanish In Spanish, the past continuous tense is used, but in English the expression used to or the simple past tense is used . Txlv GRAMMAR TRANSFER CHARTS